کينډۍ:Infobox hydrogen

هايډروجن,  1H
ارغواني ګلو په خپل پلازمېا حالت کې
Spectral lines of hydrogen
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation /ˈhdrəən/[۱]
HY-drə-jən
Appearancecolorless gas
هايډروجن په دوراني جدول کې
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)


H

Li
– ← هايډروجنهېليوم
اټومي شمیره (Z)1
گروپ, پیریودgroup 1, period 1
بلاکs-block
Element category  diatomic nonmetal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)
  • [1.00784, 1.00811][۲]
  • conventional: 1.008
Electron configuration1s1
Electrons per shell
1
فزیکي خواص
Colorcolorless
حالت (at STP)gas
دويلې کيدو ټکى13.99 K ​(−259.16 °C, ​−434.49 °F)
يشنا ټکی20.271 K ​(−252.879 °C, ​−423.182 °F)
کثافت (at STP)0.08988 g/L
when liquid, at m.p.0.07 g/cm3 (solid: 0.0763 g/cm3)[۳]
when liquid, at b.p.0.07099 g/cm3
Triple point13.8033 K, ​7.041 kPa
Critical point32.938 K, 1.2858 MPa
Heat of fusion(H2) 0.117 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization(H2) 0.904 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity(H2) 28.836 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 15 20
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states−1, +1 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.20
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1312.0 kJ/mol
Covalent radius31±5 pm
Van der Waals radius120 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structurehexagonal
Hexagonal crystal structure for هايډروجن
Hexagonal crystal structure for هايډروجن
Speed of sound1310 m/s (gas, 27 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه0.1805 W/(m·K)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[۴]
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)−3.98·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[۵]
CAS Number12385-13-6
1333-74-0 (H2)
History
DiscoveryHenry Cavendish[۶][۷] (1766)
Named byAntoine Lavoisier[۸] (1783)
Main isotopes of هايډروجن
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
1H 99.98% stable
2H 0.02% stable
3H trace 12.32 y β 3He
| references | in Wikidata

Element navigation

hydrogenPT
 ←
 
→ He

سرچينې

  1. Simpson, J. A.; Weiner, E. S. C. (1989). "Hydrogen". Oxford English Dictionary. 7 (الطبعة 2nd). Clarendon Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-19-861219-2. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  2. Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  3. Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils; Holleman, Arnold Frederick (2001). Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. د کتاب پاڼې 240. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0123526515. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  4. Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  5. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  6. "Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. (2005). Wylie-Interscience. 797–799. ISBN 0-471-61525-0. 
  7. Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. د کتاب پاڼي 183–191. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-19-850341-5. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  8. Stwertka, Albert (1996). A Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. د کتاب پاڼي 16–21. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-19-508083-1. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
Documentation icon کينډۍ لاسوند[جوړول]