يوروپيوم

(له Europium نه مخ گرځېدلی)

يوروپيوم (په انگرېزي: Europium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Eu سمبول او ۶۳ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

Europium,  63Eu
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation /jʊˈrpiəm/
ew-ROH-pee-əm
Appearancesilvery white, with a pale yellow tint;[۱] but rarely seen without oxide discoloration
Europium په دوراني جدول کې
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)


Eu

Am
samariumeuropiumgadolinium
اټومي شمیره (Z)63
گروپ, پیریودgroup n/a, period 6
بلاکf-block
Element category  lanthanide
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)کينډۍ:Val[۲]
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f7 6s2
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى1099 K ​(826 °C, ​1519 °F)
يشنا ټکی1802 K ​(1529 °C, ​2784 °F)
Density near r.t.5.264 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.5.13 g/cm3
Heat of fusion9.21 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization176 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.66 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 863 957 1072 1234 1452 1796
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states3, 2, 1 ​(a mildly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.2
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 547.1 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1085 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2404 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius198±6 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structurebody-centered cubic (bcc)
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for europium
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for europium
Thermal expansionpoly: 35.0 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
د تودوخې تېرېدنهest. 13.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivitypoly: 0.900 µΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[۳]
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)+34,000.0·10−6 cm3/mol[۴]
Young's modulus18.2 GPa
Shear modulus7.9 GPa
Bulk modulus8.3 GPa
Poisson ratio0.152
Vickers hardness165–200 MPa
CAS Number7440-53-1
History
Namingafter Europe
Discovery and first isolationEugène-Anatole Demarçay (1896, 1901)
Main isotopes of europium
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
150Eu syn 36.9 y ε 150Sm
151Eu 47.8% 5×1018 y α 147Pm

کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2

153Eu 52.2% stable
154Eu syn 8.59 y β 154Gd
155Eu syn 4.76 y β 155Gd
| references | in Wikidata

مشخصات سمول

تاریخچه سمول

مرکبات سمول

د استعمال ځایونه سمول

سرچينې سمول

  1. کينډۍ:Greenwood&Earnshaw
  2. Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml. 
  3. Lide, D. R., المحرر (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (الطبعة 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0486-5. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  4. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. د کتاب پاڼي E110. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 0-8493-0464-4. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

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