روبيډيوم

Rubidium, ₃₇Rb
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/rʊˈbɪdiəm/ ; RUU-BID-EE-əm
Appearance	grey white
Rubidium په دوراني جدول کې
krypton ← rubidium → strontium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	37
گروپ, پیریود	group 1 (alkali metals), period 5
بلاک	s-block
Element category	alkali metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Kr] 5s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 8, 1
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	312.45 K (39.30 °C, 102.74 °F)
يشنا ټکی	961 K (688 °C, 1270 °F)
Density near r.t.	1.532 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	1.46 g/cm3
Triple point	312.41 K, ? kPa
Critical point	2093 K, 16 MPa (extrapolated)
Heat of fusion	2.19 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	69 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	31.060 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	+1, −1 (a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 0.82
Ionization energies	1st: 403 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 2632.1 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 3859.4 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 248 pm
Covalent radius	220±9 pm
Van der Waals radius	303 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	body-centered cubic (bcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	1300 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	90 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	58.2 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	128 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+17.0·10−6 cm3/mol (303 K)
Young's modulus	2.4 GPa
Bulk modulus	2.5 GPa
Mohs hardness	0.3
Brinell hardness	0.216 MPa
CAS Number	7440-17-7
History
Discovery	Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff (1861)
First isolation	George de Hevesy
Main isotopes of rubidium
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روبيډيوم (په انگرېزي: Rubidium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Rb سمبول او ۳v اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml.
↑ ^۲٫۰ ^۲٫۱ کينډۍ:RubberBible92nd
↑ Cverna, Fran (2002). "Ch. 2 Thermal Expansion". ASM Ready Reference: Thermal properties of metals. ASM International. ISBN 978-0-87170-768-0. http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci301/ThermalExpansion.pdf.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. http://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). [اصطلاحي تېروتنه: د ناپېژندلې ليکنښې لوښه "۱". CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265-91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml.

[b92-2] ۲٫۰ ^۲٫۱ کينډۍ:RubberBible92nd

[3] Cverna, Fran (2002). "Ch. 2 Thermal Expansion". ASM Ready Reference: Thermal properties of metals. ASM International. ISBN 978-0-87170-768-0. http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci301/ThermalExpansion.pdf.

[magnet-4] Lide, D. R., ed (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. http://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf.

[5] Weast, Robert (1984). [اصطلاحي تېروتنه: د ناپېژندلې ليکنښې لوښه "۱". CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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