رونټگېنيوم

Roentgenium, ₁₁₁Rg
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/rʌntˈɡɛniəm/ or /rɛntˈɡɛniəm/ ; runt-GEN-ee-əm or rent-GEN-ee-əm
Appearance	silvery (predicted)
Roentgenium په دوراني جدول کې
darmstadtium ← roentgenium → copernicium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	111
گروپ, پیریود	group 11, period 7
بلاک	d-block
Element category	unknown, but probably a transition metal
Mass number	282; (unconfirmed: 286) (most stable isotope)
Electron configuration	[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2 (predicted)
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17, 2 (predicted)
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد (predicted)
Density near r.t.	28.7 g/cm3 (predicted)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	5, 3, 1, −1 (predicted)
Ionization energies	1st: 1022.7 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 2074.4 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 3077.9 kJ/mol ; (more) (all estimated);
Atomic radius	empirical: 138 pm (predicted)
Covalent radius	121 pm (estimated)
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	body-centered cubic (bcc) Body-centered cubic crystal structure for roentgenium; (predicted)
CAS Number	54386-24-2
History
Naming	after Wilhelm Röntgen
Discovery	Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (1994)
Main isotopes of roentgenium
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رونټگېنيوم (په انگرېزي: Roentgenium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Rg سمبول او ۱۱۱ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

مشخصات

تاریخچه

مرکبات

د استعمال ځایونه

سرچينې

↑ ^۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ Turler, A. (2004). "Gas Phase Chemistry of Superheavy Elements" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences. 5 (2): R19–R25.
↑ ^۲٫۰ ^۲٫۱ ^۲٫۲ ^۲٫۳ ^۲٫۴ Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.
↑ ^۳٫۰ ^۳٫۱ Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11). Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.
↑ ^۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. بياځلي په 4 October 2013.
↑ Chemical Data. Roentgenium - Rg, Royal Chemical Society
↑ Hofmann, S.; Heinz, S.; Mann, R.; Maurer, J.; Münzenberg, G.; Antalic, S.; Barth, W.; Burkhard, H. G.; Dahl, L.; Eberhardt, K.; Grzywacz, R.; Hamilton, J. H.; Henderson, R. A.; Kenneally, J. M.; Kindler, B.; Kojouharov, I.; Lang, R.; Lommel, B.; Miernik, K.; Miller, D.; Moody, K. J.; Morita, K.; Nishio, K.; Popeko, A. G.; Roberto, J. B.; Runke, J.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Saro, S.; Scheidenberger, C.; Schött, H. J.; Shaughnessy, D. A.; Stoyer, M. A.; Thörle-Popiesch, P.; Tinschert, K.; Trautmann, N.; Uusitalo, J.; Yeremin, A. V. (2016). "Review of even element super-heavy nuclei and search for element 120". The European Physics Journal A. 2016 (52). doi:10.1140/epja/i2016-16180-4.
↑ Khuyagbaatar, J.; Yakushev, A.; Düllmann, Ch. E.; et al. (2014). "⁴⁸Ca+²⁴⁹Bk Fusion Reaction Leading to Element Z=117: Long-Lived α-Decaying ²⁷⁰Db and Discovery of ²⁶⁶Lr". Physical Review Letters. 112 (17): 172501. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.172501. PMID 24836239.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[e-conf-1] ۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ Turler, A. (2004). "Gas Phase Chemistry of Superheavy Elements" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences. 5 (2): R19–R25.

[Haire-2] ۲٫۰ ^۲٫۱ ^۲٫۲ ^۲٫۳ ^۲٫۴ Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.

[bcc-3] ۳٫۰ ^۳٫۱ Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11). Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.

[BFricke-4] ۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. بياځلي په 4 October 2013.

[rsc-5] Chemical Data. Roentgenium - Rg, Royal Chemical Society

[Hofmann2016-6] Hofmann, S.; Heinz, S.; Mann, R.; Maurer, J.; Münzenberg, G.; Antalic, S.; Barth, W.; Burkhard, H. G.; Dahl, L.; Eberhardt, K.; Grzywacz, R.; Hamilton, J. H.; Henderson, R. A.; Kenneally, J. M.; Kindler, B.; Kojouharov, I.; Lang, R.; Lommel, B.; Miernik, K.; Miller, D.; Moody, K. J.; Morita, K.; Nishio, K.; Popeko, A. G.; Roberto, J. B.; Runke, J.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Saro, S.; Scheidenberger, C.; Schött, H. J.; Shaughnessy, D. A.; Stoyer, M. A.; Thörle-Popiesch, P.; Tinschert, K.; Trautmann, N.; Uusitalo, J.; Yeremin, A. V. (2016). "Review of even element super-heavy nuclei and search for element 120". The European Physics Journal A. 2016 (52). doi:10.1140/epja/i2016-16180-4.

[7] Khuyagbaatar, J.; Yakushev, A.; Düllmann, Ch. E.; et al. (2014). "⁴⁸Ca+²⁴⁹Bk Fusion Reaction Leading to Element Z=117: Long-Lived α-Decaying ²⁷⁰Db and Discovery of ²⁶⁶Lr". Physical Review Letters. 112 (17): 172501. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.172501. PMID 24836239.

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