فاسفورس

(له Phosphorus نه مخ گرځېدلی)

فاسفورس (په انگرېزي: Phosphorus) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د P سمبول او ۱۵ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

Phosphorus,  15P
waxy white (yellow cut), red (granules centre left, chunk centre right), and violet phosphorus
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation /ˈfɒsfərəs/
FOS-fər-əs
AppearanceColourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black
Abundance
in the Earth's crust5.2 (taking silicon as 100)
Phosphorus په دوراني جدول کې
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)
N

P

As
siliconphosphorussulfur
اټومي شمیره (Z)15
گروپ, پیریودgroup 15 (pnictogens), period 3
بلاکp-block
Element category  polyatomic nonmetal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)کينډۍ:Val[۱]
Electron configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 5
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)جامد
Density near r.t.white: 1.823 g·cm−3
red: ≈ 2.2–2.34 g·cm−3
violet: 2.36 g·cm−3
black: 2.69 g/cm3
Heat of fusionwhite: 0.66 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporisationwhite: 51.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacitywhite: 23.824 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressure (white)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 279 307 342 388 453 549
Vapour pressure (red, b.p. 431 °C)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 455 489 529 576 635 704
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states5, 4, 3, 2, 1,[۲] −1, −2, −3 ​(a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.19
Ionisation energies
  • 1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1907 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radius107±3 pm
Van der Waals radius180 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structurebody-centred cubic (bcc)
Bodycentredcubic crystal structure for phosphorus
Bodycentredcubic crystal structure for phosphorus
د تودوخې تېرېدنهwhite: 0.236 W/(m·K)
black: 12.1 W/(m·K)
Magnetic orderingwhite, red, violet, black: diamagnetic[۳]
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)−20.8·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[۴]
Bulk moduluswhite: 5 GPa
red: 11 GPa
CAS Number7723-14-0 (red)
12185-10-3 (white)
History
DiscoveryHennig Brand (1669)
Recognised as an element byAntoine Lavoisier[۵] (1777)
Main isotopes of phosphorus
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
31P 100% stable
32P trace 14.28 d β 32S
33P trace 25.3 d β 33S
| references | in Wikidata

مشخصات

سمول

هیلیم ډیری ځانګړي ملکیتونه لري: د جوش ټیټ ، ټیټ کثافت ، ټیټ محلولیت ، لوړ حرارتي چالکتیا او غیر فعالیت

تاریخچه

سمول

فاسفورس د لومړي ځل لپاره په 1669 کې د آلمان په هامبورګ کې د هینیګ برانډ لخوا رامینځته شوی کله چې هغه تبخیر کړو ادرار او ګرم یې کړی پاتې شونې تر هغه وخته چې سور ګرم وي.. د فاسفورس بخارۍ راوتلې او هغه یې د اوبو لاندې قند کړېاو د 100 کلونو څخه ډیر وخت لپاره ډیری فاسفورس پدې ډول رامینځته شوی.

مرکبات

سمول

د خورا سوداګریز پلوه مهم فاسفورس مرکباتو کې آکسایډونه او اسیدونه دي.

د استعمال ځایونه فاسفورس د خوندیتوب تیلی( ډبی) په جوړولو کې کارول کیږي

سرچينې

سمول

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  1. Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  2. Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.
  3. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  4. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  5. cf. "Memoir on Combustion in General" Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences 1777, 592–600. from Henry Marshall Leicester and Herbert S. Klickstein, A Source Book in Chemistry 1400–1900 (New York: McGraw Hill, 1952)

  دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.