پلوتونيوم

(له Plutonium نه مخ گرځېدلی)

پلوتونيوم (په انگرېزي: Plutonium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Pu سمبول او ۹۴ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

Plutonium,  94Pu
Two shiny pellets of Pu about 3 cm in diameter.
Two shiny pellets of Pu about 3 cm in diameter.
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation /plˈtniəm/
ploo-TOH-nee-əm
Appearancesilvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air
Plutonium په دوراني جدول کې
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)
Sm

Pu

(Uqo)
neptuniumplutoniumamericium
اټومي شمیره (Z)94
گروپ, پیریودgroup n/a, period 7
بلاکf-block
Element category  actinide
Mass number244 (most stable isotope)
Electron configuration[Rn] 5f6 7s2
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى912.5 K ​(639.4 °C, ​1182.9 °F)
يشنا ټکی3505 K ​(3228 °C, ​5842 °F)
Density near r.t.19.816 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.16.63 g/cm3
Heat of fusion2.82 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization333.5 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity35.5 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1756 1953 2198 2511 2926 3499
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.28
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 584.7 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 159 pm
Covalent radius187±1 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structuremonoclinic
Monoclinic crystal structure for plutonium
Monoclinic crystal structure for plutonium
Speed of sound2260 m/s
Thermal expansion46.7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه6.74 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity1.460 µΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic
Young's modulus96 GPa
Shear modulus43 GPa
Poisson ratio0.21
CAS Number7440-07-5
History
Namingafter dwarf planet Pluto, itself named after classical god of the underworld Pluto
DiscoveryGlenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan (1940–1)
Main isotopes of plutonium
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct

کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2 کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2 کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2 کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2 کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2 کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2

| references | in Wikidata

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