زرکونيوم

Zirconium, ₄₀Zr
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/zɜːrˈkoʊniəm/ ; zur-KOH-ni-əm
Appearance	silvery white
Zirconium په دوراني جدول کې
yttrium ← zirconium → niobium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	40
گروپ, پیریود	group 4, period 5
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d2 5s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 10, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	2128 K (1855 °C, 3371 °F)
يشنا ټکی	4650 K (4377 °C, 7911 °F)
Density near r.t.	6.52 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	5.8 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	14 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	591 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.36 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1, −2 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.33
Ionization energies	1st: 640.1 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1270 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2218 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 160 pm
Covalent radius	175±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Hexagonal close-packed crystal structure for zirconium
Speed of sound thin rod	3800 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	5.7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	22.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	421 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	88 GPa
Shear modulus	33 GPa
Bulk modulus	91.1 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.34
Mohs hardness	5.0
Vickers hardness	820–1800 MPa
Brinell hardness	638–1880 MPa
CAS Number	7440-67-7
History
Naming	after zircon, zargun زرگون meaning "gold-colored".
Discovery	Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1789)
First isolation	Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1824)
Main isotopes of zirconium
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زرکونيوم (په انگرېزي: Zirconium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Zr سمبول او ۴۰ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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د استعمال ځایونه

سرچينې

↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ "Zirconium: zirconium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. نه اخيستل شوی 2007-12-10.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Pritychenko, Boris; Tretyak, V. "Adopted Double Beta Decay Data". National Nuclear Data Center. نه اخيستل شوی 2008-02-11.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[2] "Zirconium: zirconium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. نه اخيستل شوی 2007-12-10.

[magnet-3] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[4] Pritychenko, Boris; Tretyak, V. "Adopted Double Beta Decay Data". National Nuclear Data Center. نه اخيستل شوی 2008-02-11.

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