کاليفورنيوم

(له Californium نه مخ گرځېدلی)

کاليفورنيوم (په انگرېزي: Californium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Cf سمبول او ۹۸ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

Californium,  98Cf
A very small disc of silvery metal, magnified to show its metallic texture
A very small disc of silvery metal, magnified to show its metallic texture
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation /ˌkælɪˈfɔːrniəm/
KAL-I-FOR-NEE-əm
Appearancesilvery
Californium په دوراني جدول کې
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)
Dy

Cf

(Upb)
berkeliumcaliforniumeinsteinium
اټومي شمیره (Z)98
گروپ, پیریودgroup n/a, period 7
بلاکf-block
Element category  actinide
Mass number251[۱] (most stable isotope)
Electron configuration[Rn] 5f10 7s2[۲]
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى1173 K ​(900 °C, ​1652 °F)[۱]
يشنا ټکی1743 K ​(1470 °C, ​2678 °F) (estimation)[۳]
Density near r.t.15.1 g/cm3[۱]
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states2, 3, 4[۴]
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.3[۵]
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 608 kJ/mol[۶]
Miscellanea
Crystal structuredouble hexagonal close-packed (dhcp)
Double hexagonal close packed crystal structure for californium
Double hexagonal close packed crystal structure for californium
Mohs hardness3–4[۷]
CAS Number7440-71-3[۱]
History
Namingafter California, where it was discovered
DiscoveryLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1950)
Main isotopes of californium[۸][۹]
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct

کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2 کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2 کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2

251Cf syn 898 y α 247Cm

کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2 کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2 کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2

| references | in Wikidata

مشخصات سمول

تاریخچه سمول

مرکبات سمول

د استعمال ځایونه سمول

سرچينې سمول

  1. ۱٫۰ ۱٫۱ ۱٫۲ ۱٫۳ CRC 2006، ص. 4.56.
  2. CRC 2006، ص. 1.14.
  3. Joseph Jacob Katz; Glenn Theodore Seaborg; Lester R. Morss (1986). The Chemistry of the actinide elements. Chapman and Hall. د کتاب پاڼې 1038. د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره 9780412273704. د لاسرسي‌نېټه ۱۱ جولای ۲۰۱۱. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
  4. Greenwood او Earnshaw 1997، ص. 1265.
  5. Emsley 1998، ص. 50.
  6. CRC 2006، ص. 10.204.
  7. CRC 1991، ص. 254.
  8. CRC 2006، ص. 11.196.
  9. NNDC contributors (2008). Sonzogni, Alejandro A. (Database Manager) (المحرر). "Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. د لاسرسي‌نېټه ۰۱ مارچ ۲۰۱۰. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

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