سېلېنيوم

Selenium, ₃₄Se
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/sɪˈliːniəm/ ; SI-LEE-NEE-əm
Appearance	black, red, and gray (not pictured) allotropes
Selenium په دوراني جدول کې
arsenic ← selenium → bromine	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	34
گروپ, پیریود	group 16 (chalcogens), period 4
بلاک	p-block
Element category	polyatomic nonmetal, sometimes considered a metalloid
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 6
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	494 K (221 °C, 430 °F)
يشنا ټکی	958 K (685 °C, 1265 °F)
Density near r.t.	gray: 4.81 g/cm3 ; alpha: 4.39 g/cm3 ; vitreous: 4.28 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	3.99 g/cm3
Critical point	1766 K, 27.2 MPa
Heat of fusion	gray: 6.69 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	95.48 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.363 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2 (a strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.55
Ionization energies	1st: 941.0 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 2045 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2973.7 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 120 pm
Covalent radius	120±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	190 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	hexagonal Hexagonal crystal structure for selenium
Speed of sound thin rod	3350 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	amorphous: 37 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	amorphous: 0.519 W/(m·K)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	−25.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	10 GPa
Shear modulus	3.7 GPa
Bulk modulus	8.3 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.33
Mohs hardness	2.0
Brinell hardness	736 MPa
CAS Number	7782-49-2
History
Naming	after Selene, Greek goddess of the moon
Discovery and first isolation	Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Johann Gottlieb Gahn (1817)
Main isotopes of selenium
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سېلېنيوم (په انگرېزي: Selenium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Se سمبول او ۳۴ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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سرچينې

↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ کينډۍ:Greenwood&Earnshaw
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in کينډۍ:RubberBible86th
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[2] کينډۍ:Greenwood&Earnshaw

[3] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in کينډۍ:RubberBible86th

[4] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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