برومين

کیمیاوي عنصر
(له Bromine نه مخ گرځېدلی)

برومين (په انگرېزي: Bromine) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Br سمبول او ۳۵ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

Bromine,  35Br
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation /ˈbrmn/ or /ˈbrmɪn/
BROH-meen or BROH-min
Appearancereddish-brown
Bromine په دوراني جدول کې
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)
Cl

Br

 I 
seleniumbrominekrypton
اټومي شمیره (Z)35
گروپ, پیریودgroup 17 (halogens), period 4
بلاکp-block
Element category  diatomic nonmetal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)
  • [79.901, 79.907][۱]
  • conventional: 79.904
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 7
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)مايع
دويلې کيدو ټکى265.8 K ​(−7.2 °C, ​19 °F)
يشنا ټکی332.0 K ​(58.8 °C, ​137.8 °F)
Density near r.t.Br2, liquid: 3.1028 g/cm3
Triple point265.90 K, ​5.8 kPa[۲]
Critical point588 K, 10.34 MPa[۲]
Heat of fusion(Br2) 10.571 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporisation(Br2) 29.96 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity(Br2) 75.69 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 185 201 220 244 276 332
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states7, 5, 4, 3, 1, −1 ​(a strongly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.96
Ionisation energies
  • 1st: 1139.9 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2103 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3470 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 120 pm
Covalent radius120±3 pm
Van der Waals radius185 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structureorthorhombic
Orthorhombic crystal structure for bromine
Orthorhombic crystal structure for bromine
Speed of sound206 m/s (at 20 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه0.122 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity7.8×1010 Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[۳]
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)−56.4·10−6 cm3/mol[۴]
CAS Number7726-95-6
History
Discovery and first isolationAntoine Jérôme Balard and Carl Jacob Löwig (1825)
Main isotopes of bromine
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
79Br 51% stable
81Br 49% stable
| references | in Wikidata

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د استعمال ځایونه

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سرچينې

سمول
  1. Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  2. ۲٫۰ ۲٫۱ کينډۍ:RubberBible92nd
  3. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  4. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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