کادميوم

Cadmium, ₄₈Cd
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈkædmiəm/ ; KAD-mee-əm
Appearance	silvery bluish-gray metallic
Cadmium په دوراني جدول کې
silver ← cadmium → indium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	48
گروپ, پیریود	group 12, period 5
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal, alternatively considered a post-transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	594.22 K (321.07 °C, 609.93 °F)
يشنا ټکی	1040 K (767 °C, 1413 °F)
Density near r.t.	8.65 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	7.996 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	6.21 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	99.87 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.020 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	2, 1, −2 (a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.69
Ionization energies	1st: 867.8 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1631.4 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 3616 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 151 pm
Covalent radius	144±9 pm
Van der Waals radius	158 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for cadmium
Speed of sound thin rod	2310 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	30.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	96.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	72.7 nΩ·m (at 22 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	−19.8·10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	50 GPa
Shear modulus	19 GPa
Bulk modulus	42 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.30
Mohs hardness	2.0
Brinell hardness	203–220 MPa
CAS Number	7440-43-9
History
Discovery and first isolation	Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Named by	Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Main isotopes of cadmium
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کادميوم (په انگرېزي: Cadmium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Cd سمبول او ۴۸ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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سرچينې

↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[2] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[3] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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