کينډۍ:Infobox scandium

Scandium, ₂₁Sc
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈskændiəm/ ; SKAN-dee-əm
Appearance	silvery white
Scandium په دوراني جدول کې
calcium ← scandium → titanium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	21
گروپ, پیریود	group 3, period 4
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 9, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1814 K (1541 °C, 2806 °F)
يشنا ټکی	3109 K (2836 °C, 5136 °F)
Density near r.t.	2.985 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	2.80 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	14.1 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	332.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.52 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	3, 2, 1 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.36
Ionization energies	1st: 633.1 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1235.0 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2388.6 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 162 pm
Covalent radius	170±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	211 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for scandium
Thermal expansion	α, poly: 10.2 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	15.8 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	α, poly: 562 nΩ·m (at r.t., calculated)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+315.0·10−6 cm3/mol (292 K)
Young's modulus	74.4 GPa
Shear modulus	29.1 GPa
Bulk modulus	56.6 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.279
Brinell hardness	736–1200 MPa
CAS Number	7440-20-2
History
Naming	after Scandinavia
Prediction	Dmitri Mendeleev (1871)
Discovery and first isolation	Lars Fredrik Nilson (1879)
Main isotopes of scandium
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Element navigation

PTscandiumPT

Ca ←

iso
21Sc

ibox E

wd:Q713

→ Ti

سرچينې

د سرچينو همدا لړليک په ليکنه کې نه ښکاري.

↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ McGuire, Joseph C.; Kempter, Charles P. (1960). "Preparation and Properties of Scandium Dihydride". Journal of Chemical Physics. 33: 1584–1585. Bibcode:1960JChPh..33.1584M. doi:10.1063/1.1731452.
↑ Smith, R. E. (1973). "Diatomic Hydride and Deuteride Spectra of the Second Row Transition Metals". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 332 (1588): 113–127. Bibcode:1973RSPSA.332..113S. doi:10.1098/rspa.1973.0015.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

کينډۍ لاسوند[جوړول]

سمونگران د دې کينډۍ په ازمونمخ (جوړول | هېنداره) او ازمونځايونه (جوړول) مخونو کې خپلې تجربې کولای شي.
د دې کينډۍ څېرمه مخونه.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[McGuire-2] McGuire, Joseph C.; Kempter, Charles P. (1960). "Preparation and Properties of Scandium Dihydride". Journal of Chemical Physics. 33: 1584–1585. Bibcode:1960JChPh..33.1584M. doi:10.1063/1.1731452.

[Smith-3] Smith, R. E. (1973). "Diatomic Hydride and Deuteride Spectra of the Second Row Transition Metals". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 332 (1588): 113–127. Bibcode:1973RSPSA.332..113S. doi:10.1098/rspa.1973.0015.

[4] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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