Beryllium, 4Be |
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Pronunciation | /bəˈrɪliəm/ bə-RIL-ee-əm |
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Appearance | white-gray metallic |
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اټومي شمیره (Z) | 4 |
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گروپ, پیریود | group 2 (alkaline earth metals), period 2 |
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بلاک | s-block |
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Element category | alkaline earth metal |
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معياري اټومي وزن (Ar) | کينډۍ:Val[۱] |
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Electron configuration | [He] 2s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 2 |
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حالت (at STP) | جامد |
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دويلې کيدو ټکى | 1560 K (1287 °C, 2349 °F) |
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يشنا ټکی | 2742 K (2469 °C, 4476 °F) |
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Density near r.t. | 1.85 g/cm3 |
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when liquid, at m.p. | 1.690 g/cm3 |
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Critical point | 5205 K, MPa (extrapolated) |
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Heat of fusion | 12.2 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 292 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 16.443 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
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1
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10
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100
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1 k
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10 k
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100 k
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at T (K)
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1462
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1608
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1791
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2023
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2327
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2742
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Oxidation states | +2, +1[۲] (an amphoteric oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.57 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 899.5 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1757.1 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 14,848.7 kJ/mol
- (more)
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Atomic radius | empirical: 112 pm |
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Covalent radius | 96±3 pm |
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Van der Waals radius | 153 pm |
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Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 12,890 m/s (at r.t.)[۳] |
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Thermal expansion | 11.3 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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د تودوخې تېرېدنه | 200 W/(m·K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 36 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic |
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Magnetic susceptibility (χmol) | −9.0·10−6 cm3/mol[۴] |
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Young's modulus | 287 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 132 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 130 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.032 |
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Mohs hardness | 5.5 |
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Vickers hardness | 1670 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 590–1320 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-41-7 |
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Discovery | Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1798) |
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First isolation | Friedrich Wöhler & Antoine Bussy (1828) |
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| references | in Wikidata |
Element navigation
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