نايوبيوم

Niobium, ₄₁Nb
	A lump of gray shining crystals with hexagonal facetting
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/naɪˈoʊbiəm/ ; ny-OH-bee-əm
Alternative name	columbium
Appearance	gray metallic, bluish when oxidized
Niobium په دوراني جدول کې
zirconium ← niobium → molybdenum	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	41
گروپ, پیریود	group 5, period 5
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 12, 1
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	2750 K (2477 °C, 4491 °F)
يشنا ټکی	5017 K (4744 °C, 8571 °F)
Density near r.t.	8.57 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	30 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	689.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.60 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −3 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.6
Ionization energies	1st: 652.1 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1380 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2416 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 146 pm
Covalent radius	164±6 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	body-centered cubic (bcc) Cubic body-centered crystal structure for niobium
Speed of sound thin rod	3480 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	7.3 µm/(m·K)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	53.7 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	152 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	105 GPa
Shear modulus	38 GPa
Bulk modulus	170 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.40
Mohs hardness	6.0
Vickers hardness	870–1320 MPa
Brinell hardness	735–2450 MPa
CAS Number	7440-03-1
History
Naming	after Niobe in Greek mythology, daughter of Tantalus (tantalum)
Discovery	Charles Hatchett (1801)
First isolation	Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand (1864)
Recognized as a distinct element by	Heinrich Rose (1844)
Main isotopes of niobium
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نايوبيوم (په انگرېزي: Niobium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Nb سمبول او ۴۱ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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سرچينې

↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

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