پښتو ابېڅې، لکه د پارسي او د اردو ژبې د ابېڅو په شان د عربي ژبې نه اشتقاق شوې ابېڅې دي چې د هغو غږونو او ځليزو ښکارندويي وکړي کوم چې يوازې په پښتو ژبه کې دي او په عربي ژبه کې نه موندل کېږي. دا هغه ابېڅې دي چې د ځينو تورو، ټکو او يا نښو په ځانگړي کېدو سره د څانگړو غږونو لپاره کارېږي.
په پښتو ابېڅو کې داسې توري شته چې په عربي او يا هم د پارسي ژبې په ابېڅو کې نشته. د ساري په توگه، هغه توري representing the retroflex consonants/ʈ/,/ɖ/,/𝼈/ and /ɳ/ are written like the standard Arabic te, dāl, re and nun with a "panḍak", "γaṛwandai" or also called "skəṇai" attached underneath, which looks like a small circle: ړ ,ډ ,ټ, and ڼ, respectively. It also has the letters ṣ̌in and ẓ̌e (representing voiceless and voiced retroflex fricatives), which look like a sin and reh respectively with a dot above and beneath: ښ and ږ. The letters representing the Voiceless alveolar affricate/ts/ and Voiced alveolar affricate/d͡z/ look like a ح with three dots above and an hamza (ء) above; څ and ځ, and are also specific to Pashto, although څ was also used in the related extinct language of Khwarezmian to represent both /t͡s/ and /d͡z/. Pashto has ى ,ې ,ۀ, and ۍ for additional vowels and diphthongs as well.
په پښتو ابېڅو کې د عربي ژبې ۲۸ پور شوي توري او د پارسي ژبې ۳ پور شوي توري (چ ,پ, او ژ) شامل دي، پاتې ۱۲ توري د پښتو ابېڅو خپل ځانگړي توري دي.
^ In the beginning of a word, آ (alif with madda) represents the long vowel /ɑ/ (eg. آس - ās, "horse"), and ا (alif) represents the consonant /ʔ/ (eg. اسلام - ʾislām or islām, "Islam"). In the middle or end of a word, ا represents the long vowel /ɑ/ preceded by a consonant (eg. كال - kāl, "year"; and نيا - nyā, "grandmother").
^ The pronunciations of ږ and ښ depend on the dialect - eg. Kandahar[۱]: /ʐ/ and /ʂ/; Quetta: /ʒ/ and /ʃ/; southern Wazirwola: /ʑ/ and /ɕ/[۲]; Wardak: /ʝ/ and /ç/; Yusufzai: /ɡ/ and /x/.
^ The pronunciation of the letter ځ merges with /z/ in northern and eastern dialects, and څ merges with /s/ in eastern dialects.
^ The letter ړ represents /𝼈/ if it is not at the final position of a syllable; if it is final, it represents /ɻ/.
^ The letter ۀ representing /ə/ is not used in many texts; instead ه is used which can also represent /ə/.
^ ى represents /ai/ if preceded by a consonant (eg. لرگى - largai, "wood"), and represents /j/ if preceded by a vowel (eg. دوى - duy, "they").
^ Ten of the alphabets, ق ف ع ظ ط ض ص ح ﺫ ث, appear only in loanwords which are mostly of Arabic origin. Eight of them, ع ظ ط ض ص ح ﺫ ث, represent no additional phonemes of Pashto, and their pronunciation merges with other phonemes.
In the earliest known Pashto manuscript written in 1651 CE,[۳] ڊ (dāl with subscript dot) was used for /t͡s/ and /d͡z/, which was still used in the Diwan of Mirza written in 1690 CE, but this sign was soon replaced by څ which was first attested in 1696-7 CE. څ is now used for only /t͡s/.
^ The diacritic marks are not considered separate letters. Their use is optional and are usually not written; they are primarily used to distinguish between two words which appear similar.