کليوفيس

کليوفيس (سانسيکرېت: کريپا?)^[۱] د سکندر مقدوني په وخت کې د آساکېنوس يا آساکانوس چې د آساکېنوی يا آساکاني خلکو يو حاکم او د جگړو سردار و، د هغه مور وه. آساکېنوی (سانسيکرېت اشوکاس: له اشوه = آس جوړ شوی)^[۲] آزاده خلک و (ولسمشريزه)^[۳] چې د پاروپاميسېد د کمبوجاس يو وړه برخه يې جوړوله او د سکندر د يرغل په وخت کې د سوات او بونير په درو کې اوسېدل.^[۴] د آسيکېنوی د خلکو د چاپېريال بيان د اوسني کافرستان سره سر نه لگوي. (Dr R. K. Mukerjee). دا چې دا سيمه د نورو سيمو په نسبت د ايراني ژبې او دود په پرتله ډېره هندو اريايي سيمه وه، نو په همدې دليل د آريايانو لخوا د اسيکېنوی خلک هندوان بلل کېږدل.^[۵] د دوی سيمه ختيځ کې تر اباسيند پورې غځېدلې وه او د دوی د سيمې پلازمېنه مساگا (سنسيکرېت ماشاکاوتي) چې د اوسني ملاکنډ په شمالي پاس کې يوه ډبرينه قلا وه تشکيلوي. په نوي عصر کې د مشکين سره نسبت لرونکې سيمه د پنجکوره او کونړ د رودونو تر مېنځ سيمه ده چې د باجوړ نه نژدې ۲۴ ميله واټن کې پرته ده. د آسيکېنوی خلک د اسونو د روزلو او د سواره گانو بهترين ماهرين وه.^[۶] چې خپل سپاره پوځيان يې د باړې په بدل کې په خدمت گومارل (لکه د پيسو په بدل کې گومارلي سرتېري), او په همدې خاطر د اشواکا په نوم شهرت موندلی و چې مانا يې ماهره سپرلی کوونکي يا ماهره سپاره عسکر دی.^[۷] دغو خلکو ته چې اشواکايانا په پانيني کې اشتادهيايا هم بلل کېدل.^[۸] د دغو خلکو واکمن سکې هم لگولي وې چې د واتاشواکا په نوم يادېدلې او دا سکې يې خپلو خلکو ته منسوب کړې وې.^[۹] د اشواکاس د خلکو يوه ډله په لوېديځ کې د اليشنگ او کونړ رودونو ته نژدې سيمو کې هم مېشت وه.^[۱۰] هغوی د کلاسيک ليکدود اسپاسويي وه. د هغوی ژبه د کامبوجاس د ايراني ژبو د ډلې په کلاسيکو متنونو کې د اسپاسويي (له پښتو نه اسپه = آس) په نامه پېژندل کېېده. هغوی په اشوايانا په پانيني ژبه اشتاديايا هم پېژندل کېدل.^[۱۱] په هغه وخت کې د هند او ايران پوله د پنجکوره رود گڼل کېد.^[۱۲]

سرچينې

↑ According to scholars, Indian equivalent of classical name Cleophis is Kripa: See e.g: Chandragupta Maurya and His times, 1988, p 25, Dr R. K. Mukerjee; Ancient India, 2003, p 261, Dr V. D. Majan; History of Punjab, Vol I, 1997, p 229 Editors Dr L. M. Joshi, Dr Fauja Singh; Bhavan's Journal, 1960, p 90, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan; Archaeology of Punjab, 1992, p 76, Bālā Madhu, Punjab (India); Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, p 284, Dr J. L. Kamboj; Problems of Ancient India, 2000, p 149, K. D. Sethna.
↑ The Achaemenids in India, 1950, p 48, Dr Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya; The Indian Historical Quarterly, 1949, p 104, India.
↑ History of Indian People, The Age of Imperial Unity, p 46, Dr R. C. Majumdar, Dr A. D. Pusalkar; Glimpses of Ancient Panjab, 1966, p 23, Dr Buddha Prakash - Punjab (India); Raja Poros, 1990, p 9, Pubilication Bureau, Punjabi University Patiala; Alexander the Great, Cambridge University Press, Dec 2003, W. W. Tarn; Ancient Kamboja,, People and the Country, 1981.
↑ Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 133 fn 6, pp 216-20, (Also Commentary p 576 fn 22), Dr H. C. Raychaudhury, Dr B. N. Mukerjee; History of Indian Buddhism: From the Origins to the Saka Era, 1988, p 100 - History; Panjab Past and Present, pp 9-10, Dr Buddha Parkash; Historie du bouddhisme Indien, p110, Dr E. Lammotte; Cf also: Essai sur les origines du mythe d'Alexandre: 336-270 av. J. C:, 1978, p 152, Paul Goukowsky; Hindu Polity, A contitutional History of India in Hindu Times, 1978, p 140, Dr K. P. Jayswal; The History of Punjab, Vol I, 1997, p 225, Editors Dr L. M. Joshi, Dr Fauja Singh; Raja Poros, 1990, Publication Bureau, Punjabi University Patiala; History of Poros, 1967, p 89, Dr Buddha Prakash; The Pakistan review, 1962, p 15, Published by Ferozsons, History. Dr J. W. McCrindle says that the modern Afghanistan – the Kaofu (Kambu) of Hiun Tsang was ancient Kamboja, and the name Afghan evidently derives from the Ashavakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian (Alexandra's Invasion of India, p 38; Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180, J. McCrindle); Ancient Kamboja, People and Country, 1981, pp 271-72, 278, Dr J. L. Kamboj; These Kamboj People, 1979, pp 119, 192, K. S. Dardi; Kambojas, Through the Ages, 2005, pp 129, 218-19, S Kirpal Singh; Sir Thomas H. Holdich, in his classic book, (The Gates of India, p 102-03), writes that the Aspasians (Aspasioi) represent the modern Kafirs. But the modern Kafirs, especially the Siah-Posh Kafirs (Kamoz/Camoje, Kamtoz) etc are considered to be modern representatives of the ancient Kambojas.
↑ Chinnick, Arrian's Anabasis, p 399; Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 211-12, Dr Raychaudhury.
↑ i.e. Ashva.yuddha.kushalah (MBH 12/101/5, Kumbhakonam Ed); See Pali evidence: 'Kambojo. Assanam.Ayatanam' =Kamboja, the land of horses (Sumangavilasini, Vol I, p 121); See: Dictionary of Pali Proper Names (DPPN), Vol I, 526, Dr. G. P. Malalasekara for Kamboja as the birth place of horses; See also Mahabharata VI.90.3; For more details see the Articles: Kamboja Horsemen & Ashvakas.
↑ See: Hindu Polity, A contitutional History of India in Hindu Times, 1978, p 140, 121, Dr K. P. Jayswal; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, 272, Dr J. L. Kamboj.
↑ Ganapatha, Nadadigana IV.1.99.
↑ Ibid, p 45, Dr R. C. Majumdar, Dr A. D. Pusalkar; Hindu Polity, A contitutional History of India in Hindu Times, 1978, p 51, Dr K. P. Jayswal; Journal of Bihar and Orissa Research Society, XX, 289 on their coins. "The Varta (or Vata) -Ashvakas (Arrian, Bk. V, Chap. I; Arrian Indika) were the Ashvakas who inhabited Eastern Afghanistan and who were included in the general term Kamboja.......Here Vata- stands for Varta- which reminds us of the Varta.shastr.opajivin (Nation-in-arms) description of theirs (i.e. Kambojas) in the Arthashastra......" (Ref: Hindu Polity, Part I & II, pp 51, 121, Dr Jayswal; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, p 11, Dr J. L. Kamboj).
↑ Cambridge History of India, 352, n 3; Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 215, Dr H. C. Raychaudhury, Dr B. N. Mukerjee; Indological Studies, 1950, p 2, Dr B. C. Law.
↑ Ashtadhyayi Sutra IV.1.110.
↑ Ref: The Pathans, 1958, p 55/56, Olaf Caroe.

‎

[1] According to scholars, Indian equivalent of classical name Cleophis is Kripa: See e.g: Chandragupta Maurya and His times, 1988, p 25, Dr R. K. Mukerjee; Ancient India, 2003, p 261, Dr V. D. Majan; History of Punjab, Vol I, 1997, p 229 Editors Dr L. M. Joshi, Dr Fauja Singh; Bhavan's Journal, 1960, p 90, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan; Archaeology of Punjab, 1992, p 76, Bālā Madhu, Punjab (India); Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, p 284, Dr J. L. Kamboj; Problems of Ancient India, 2000, p 149, K. D. Sethna.

[2] The Achaemenids in India, 1950, p 48, Dr Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya; The Indian Historical Quarterly, 1949, p 104, India.

[3] History of Indian People, The Age of Imperial Unity, p 46, Dr R. C. Majumdar, Dr A. D. Pusalkar; Glimpses of Ancient Panjab, 1966, p 23, Dr Buddha Prakash - Punjab (India); Raja Poros, 1990, p 9, Pubilication Bureau, Punjabi University Patiala; Alexander the Great, Cambridge University Press, Dec 2003, W. W. Tarn; Ancient Kamboja,, People and the Country, 1981.

[4] Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 133 fn 6, pp 216-20, (Also Commentary p 576 fn 22), Dr H. C. Raychaudhury, Dr B. N. Mukerjee; History of Indian Buddhism: From the Origins to the Saka Era, 1988, p 100 - History; Panjab Past and Present, pp 9-10, Dr Buddha Parkash; Historie du bouddhisme Indien, p110, Dr E. Lammotte; Cf also: Essai sur les origines du mythe d'Alexandre: 336-270 av. J. C:, 1978, p 152, Paul Goukowsky; Hindu Polity, A contitutional History of India in Hindu Times, 1978, p 140, Dr K. P. Jayswal; The History of Punjab, Vol I, 1997, p 225, Editors Dr L. M. Joshi, Dr Fauja Singh; Raja Poros, 1990, Publication Bureau, Punjabi University Patiala; History of Poros, 1967, p 89, Dr Buddha Prakash; The Pakistan review, 1962, p 15, Published by Ferozsons, History. Dr J. W. McCrindle says that the modern Afghanistan – the Kaofu (Kambu) of Hiun Tsang was ancient Kamboja, and the name Afghan evidently derives from the Ashavakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian (Alexandra's Invasion of India, p 38; Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180, J. McCrindle); Ancient Kamboja, People and Country, 1981, pp 271-72, 278, Dr J. L. Kamboj; These Kamboj People, 1979, pp 119, 192, K. S. Dardi; Kambojas, Through the Ages, 2005, pp 129, 218-19, S Kirpal Singh; Sir Thomas H. Holdich, in his classic book, (The Gates of India, p 102-03), writes that the Aspasians (Aspasioi) represent the modern Kafirs. But the modern Kafirs, especially the Siah-Posh Kafirs (Kamoz/Camoje, Kamtoz) etc are considered to be modern representatives of the ancient Kambojas.

[5] Chinnick, Arrian's Anabasis, p 399; Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 211-12, Dr Raychaudhury.

[6] .e. Ashva.yuddha.kushalah (MBH 12/101/5, Kumbhakonam Ed); See Pali evidence: 'Kambojo. Assanam.Ayatanam' =Kamboja, the land of horses (Sumangavilasini, Vol I, p 121); See: Dictionary of Pali Proper Names (DPPN), Vol I, 526, Dr. G. P. Malalasekara for Kamboja as the birth place of horses; See also Mahabharata VI.90.3; For more details see the Articles: Kamboja Horsemen & Ashvakas.

[7] See: Hindu Polity, A contitutional History of India in Hindu Times, 1978, p 140, 121, Dr K. P. Jayswal; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, 272, Dr J. L. Kamboj.

[8] Ganapatha, Nadadigana IV.1.99.

[9] Ibid, p 45, Dr R. C. Majumdar, Dr A. D. Pusalkar; Hindu Polity, A contitutional History of India in Hindu Times, 1978, p 51, Dr K. P. Jayswal; Journal of Bihar and Orissa Research Society, XX, 289 on their coins. "The Varta (or Vata) -Ashvakas (Arrian, Bk. V, Chap. I; Arrian Indika) were the Ashvakas who inhabited Eastern Afghanistan and who were included in the general term Kamboja.......Here Vata- stands for Varta- which reminds us of the Varta.shastr.opajivin (Nation-in-arms) description of theirs (i.e. Kambojas) in the Arthashastra......" (Ref: Hindu Polity, Part I & II, pp 51, 121, Dr Jayswal; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, p 11, Dr J. L. Kamboj).

[10] Cambridge History of India, 352, n 3; Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 215, Dr H. C. Raychaudhury, Dr B. N. Mukerjee; Indological Studies, 1950, p 2, Dr B. C. Law.

[11] Ashtadhyayi Sutra IV.1.110.

[12] Ref: The Pathans, 1958, p 55/56, Olaf Caroe.

[۱]

[۲]

[۳]

[۴]

[۵]

[۶]

[۷]

[۸]

[۹]

[۱۰]

[۱۱]

[۱۲]