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'''حماس''' د («حرکة المقاومة الاسلامیة») لنډیز دی، ددې ویی مانا ده، غښتلې او زړور. دا غورځنګ د فلسطین یو له خپلواکۍ غوښتونکیو غورځنګونو څخه دی، چې هم سیاسی، ټولنیز او پوځي اړخونه لري. د حماس ډله د اسراییلو د زور زیاتی په مقابل کې د فلسطینیانو د حقوقو مدافع ډله ده، چې د شېخ احمد یاسین په لاس کال ۱۹۸۷ز د غزې په تړانګه کې تاسیس شو.
دا غورځنګ د فلسطین یو له خپلواکۍ غوښتونکیو غورځنګونو څخه دی، چې هم سیاسی، ټولنیز او پوځي اړخونه لري.
د حماس ډله د اسراییلو د زور زیاتی په مقابل کې د فلسطینیانو د حقوقو مدافع ډله ده، چې د شېخ احمد یاسین په لاس کال ۱۹۸۷ز د غزې په تړانګه کې تاسیس شو. "<ref>the word "Hamas" means "strength and bravery" according to its charter on ''MidEast web''
[http://www.mideastweb.org/hamas.htm "MidEast Web Historical Documents: The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)"]. Copyright 1999–2002. ''MidEast Web''.</ref>) is a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] [[Islam]]ic [[militant]] organization and political party.
Hamas was created in 1987 by Sheikh [[Ahmed Yassin]] of the [[Gaza]] wing of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] at the beginning of the [[First Intifada]]. Best known in Israel and the West for its [[Suicide attack|suicide bombings]] and other attacks<ref name="suicide bombings">Best known for suicide bombings/attacks:
*"Among the various organizations that emerged during the intifada were two that continue to challenge the dominance of the PLO over the Palestinian national movement: the Islamic Resistance Movement (better known by its acronym, Hamas) and its counterpart, Islamic Jihad. These organizations are best known for having injected a new lethality into the struggle between Israelis and Palestinians - the tactic of suicide bombings." ([[James L. Gelvin]], ''The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War'', Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 221 ISBN 0521852897)
*"Best known for the violence it launched against Israel through suicide bombings and rocket attacks... " (Murphy, John. "Hamas aims for political might", ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'', [[January 22]], [[2006]])
*"To the outside world, Hamas is best-known — infamous — for its reliance on suicide bombers." ([http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/palestine503/video_index.html Palestinian territories:Inside Hamas],''[[PBS]]'' ''[[Frontline (TV series)|FRONTLINE:World]]'', [[May 9]], [[2006]])
* "Defined as a terrorist organization by Israel, the U.S. and the European Union because of its suicide attacks on Israeli civilians..." (Karon, Tony., [http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,188137,00.html "Hamas Explained"], ''[[Time Magazine]]'', [[December 11]], [[2001]])
* "Hamas is best known abroad for the scores of suicide bombings it has carried out and its commitment to the destruction of Israel." (Barzak, Ibrahim. "Israel blames Iran, Syria for bombings", ''[[ABC News]]'', [[January 20]], [[2006]], p. 2)
* "...the militant organization, best known abroad for its attacks against Israeli civilians..." (Musharbash, Yassin. [http://service.spiegel.de/cache/international/0,1518,druck-397664,00.html "Could Victory be Undoing of Hamas"], ''[[Der Spiegel]]'', [[January 27]], [[2006]])
* "Although Hamas is best known for its suicide attacks..." ([http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/holy/combatants/palestinians.html "Palestinian Political Organizations"], ''[[PBS]]'' ''[[Frontline (TV series)|FRONTLINE]]'', [[April 4]], [[2002]])
* "...is perhaps best known for its suicide bombings against Israeli targets." (Lynfield, Ben. [http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/1227/p06s01-wome.html Hamas gains grassroots edge], ''[[Christian Science Monitor]]'', [[December 27]], [[2004]])
* "...it was best known in Israel and abroad for the suicide attacks it used..." ([http://www.guardian.co.uk/israel/comment/0,,1696094,00.html "After the Hamas earthquake"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', [[January 27]], [[2006]]).
* "But his organization, Hamas, is of course dedicated to the destruction of an entire country and infamous for its suicide attacks." (Mann, Jonathan. [http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0403/22/i_ins.01.html "Reaction to Killing of Sheikh Ahmed Yassin"], [[CNN]], [[March 22]], [[2004]].
* "This dismal place was (and remains) a breeding ground for Hamas, the fundamentalist group now infamous for their suicide bombings." (Andersen, Mark. ''All the Power: Revolution Without Illusion'', Punk Planet Books, 2004, ISBN 1888451726, p. 178)
* "Hamas, an organisation best known for its suicide bombings but which also runs social services, capitalised on widespread dissatisfaction with the status quo of economic, political and security instability to gain a stunning 76 seats out of the 132-member parliament." (Lynfield, Ben. [http://news.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=132732006 "Shock result prompts calls to end policy of violence"], ''[[The Scotsman]]'', [[January 27]], [[2006]].
</ref> directed against civilians and [[Israel]]i military and security forces targets, Hamas' charter (written in 1988 and still in effect) calls for the destruction of the State of Israel and its replacement with a Palestinian [[Islamic republic|Islamic state]] in the area that is now Israel, the [[West Bank]], and the [[Gaza Strip]].<ref>Calls for the destruction of Israel:
*"The Hamas charter calls for Israel to be destroyed and replaced by an Islamic state." Myre, Gred. [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/27/international/middleeast/27mideast.html?ex=1298696400&en=25164615c0b5f11c&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss "Israeli Official Says Hamas Has Made Abbas Irrelevant"] ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[February 27]], [[2006]].
*"Hamas, whose charter calls for Israel's destruction" Dinnick, Wilf. [http://abcnews.go.com/International/Mideast/story?id=2043878&page=1 "High-Stakes Political Poker: Forcing Hamas' Hand"], ''[[ABC News]]'', [[June 6]], [[2006]].
*"Hamas's charter uncompromisingly seeks Israel's destruction." [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5016012.stm "Palestinian Rivals: Fatah & Hamas"], ''[[BBC News]]'', May 25, 2006.</ref> The organization is widely described as [[Anti-Semitism|anti-Semitic]].<ref name=NAS>Antisemitic:
*[[David Aaronovitch|Aaronovitch, David]]. [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/islam/story/0,,982684,00.html "The New Anti-Semitism"], ''The Observer'', [[June 22]], [[2003]].
*[http://www.adl.org/PresRele/IslME_62/4877_62.htm Anti-Semitism at Core of Hamas Charter], [[Anti-Defamation League]], [[February 27]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[April 17]], [[2007]].
*Levin, Andrea. [http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=7&x_issue=16&x_article=1078 Ignoring Hamas Hate-Indoctrination], [[Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America]], [[February 8]], [[2006]].
*"Hamas, which is deeply engaged in teaching anti-Semitic, and anti-Christian hate in schools," Puder, Joseph. [http://www.thebulletin.us/site/news.cfm?newsid=18132042&BRD=2737&PAG=461&dept_id=576361&rfi=6 Levitt Can't Strike Hopeful Note About Hamas], ''[[Philadelphia Bulletin]]'', [[March 27]], [[2007]].
*"Hamas refuses to recognize Israel, claims the whole of Palestine as an Islamic endowment, has issued virulently antisemitic leaflets,..." Laurence F. Bove, Laura Duhan Kaplan, ''From the Eye of the Storm: Regional Conflicts and the Philosophy of Peace'', Rodopi Press, 1995, ISBN 9051838700, p. 217.
*"But of all the anti-Jewish screeds, it is the ''Protocols of the Elders of Zion'' that emboldens and empowers antisemites. While other antisemitic works may have a sharper intellectual base, it is the conspiratorial imagery of the ''Protocols'' that has fuled the imagination and hatred of Jews and Judaism, from the captains of industry like Henry Ford, to teenage Hamas homicide bombers." Mark Weitzman, Steven Leonard Jacobs, ''Dismantling the Big Lie: the Protocols of the Elders of Zion'', KTAV Publishing House, 2003, ISBN 0881257850, p. xi.
*"There is certainly very clear evidence of antisemitism in the writings and manifestos of organizations like Hamas and Hizbullah..." ''Human Rights Implications of the Resurgence of Racism and Anti-Semitism'', United States Congress, House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on International Security, International Organizations and Human Rights - 1993, p. 122.
*"In calling for holy war against Israel, the covenant of Hamas, drawn up in 1998, also employs the language of the Protocols." Frederick M. Schweitzer, Marvin Perry, ''Anti-Semitism: myth and hate from antiquity to the present'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, ISBN 0312165617, p. 116.
*"The demonization of the Jews/Zionists by the Hamas organization is also heavily shaped by European Christian anti-Semitism. This prejudice began to infiltrate the Arab world, most notably in the circulation of the 1926 Arabic translation of the ''Protocols of the Elders of Zion''... Reliance upon the document is evidenced in the group's charter... The ''Protocols of the Elders of Zion'' also informs Hamas's belief that Israel has hegemonic aspirations that extend beyond Palestinian land. As described in the charter, the counterfeit document identifies the Zionists' wish to expand their reign from the Nile River to the Euphrates." Michael P. Arena, Bruce A. Arrigo, ''The Terrorist Identity: Explaining the Terrorist Threat'', NYU Press, 2006, ISBN 0814707165, pp. 133-134.
*"Standard anti-Semitic themes have become commonplace in the propaganda of Arab Islamic movements like Hizballah and Hamas..." [[Bernard Lewis]], ''Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry Into Conflict and Prejudice'', W. W. Norton & Company, 1999, ISBN 0393318397, p. 266.
</ref>
Hamas is listed as a [[terrorism|terrorist]] organization by [[Canada]],<ref>[http://www.psepc.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-en.asp#hhi18 Keeping Canadians Safe], Public Security and Emergency Preparedness Canada, National Security, Listed entities. Accessed July 31, 2006.</ref> the [[European Union]],<ref name="EUTerrorList">[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2005/l_340/l_34020051223en00640066.pdf "Council Decision"] [[Council of the European Union]], December 21, 2005</ref> [[Israel]],<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/7/The%20Financial%20Sources%20of%20the%20Hamas%20Terror%20Organiza The Financial Sources of the Hamas Terror Organization] (Israel MFA)</ref> [[Japan]],<ref>[http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/2005/ch3-a.pdf Japan's Diplomatic Bluebook 2005] states that it has frozen the assets of "terrorist organizations, including... Hamas."</ref> and the [[United States]],<ref name=SD1>[http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/65463.pdf "Country reports on terrorism 2005"], [[United States Department of State]]. Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. US Dept. of State Publication 11324. Released April 2006</ref> and is banned in [[Jordan]].<ref name="Star1">Karmi, Omar. [http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=5&article_id=22307# "What does the Hamas victory mean for nearby Jordan?"], ''The Daily Star'', February 18, 2006</ref> [[Australia]] <ref>[http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/www/nationalsecurity.nsf/AllDocs/95FB057CA3DECF30CA256FAB001F7FBD?OpenDocument Listing of Terrorist Organisations], Australian Government Attorney-General's Department, 27 January 2006. Accessed July 31, 2006.</ref> and the [[United Kingdom]] <ref name="UKTerrorList">[http://security.homeoffice.gov.uk/legislation/current-legislation/terrorism-act-2000/proscribed-terrorist-groups?version=1" United Kingdom Home Security Office. Terrorism Act 2000. Proscribed terrorist groups]</ref> list the militant wing of Hamas, the [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades]], as a terrorist organization. In recent years Hamas has grown in popularity, though in the last year Hamas's popularity has started to wane.
Since the death of [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] leader [[Yasser Arafat]], Hamas's political wing has entered and won many local elections in Gaza, [[Qalqilya]], and [[Nablus]]. In January 2006, Hamas won a surprise victory in the Palestinian [[Palestinian legislative election, 2006|parliamentary elections]], taking 76 of the 132 seats in the chamber, while the ruling [[Fatah]] party took 43.<ref>{{cite news | title=Who are Hamas?|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=January 26, 2006 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1654510.stm}}</ref> The Hamas charter states: "There is no solution for the Palestinian question except through [[Jihad]],"<ref name=Covenant>[http://www.mideastweb.org/hamas.htm "The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)"], MidEast Web, August 18, 1988; [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/hamas.htm "The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement"], The Avalon Project at Yale Law School, retrieved April 22, 2006. </ref> and this stance has found a receptive audience among Palestinians; many perceived the preceding Fatah government as corrupt and ineffective, and Hamas's supporters see it as an "[[armed resistance]]"<ref>Kristen Ess. [http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?ItemID=9630 "Why Hamas Won"] ''ZNet''. Palestine, January 31, 2006.</ref> movement defending Palestinians from the [[Israeli occupation]] of [[Palestinian territories]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Who are Hamas?|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=January 26, 2006 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1654510.stm}}</ref> Hamas has further gained popularity by establishing hospitals, education systems, libraries and social services<ref>[http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2006/01/31/66888 "Palestinian election raises varying opinions within U"]. ''The Minnesota Daily''. January 31, 2006</ref> throughout the West Bank and Gaza Strip.<ref>[http://www.cfr.org/publication/8968/#6 Hamas activities] Council on Foreign Relations</ref> The Palestinian territories have experienced internal conflicts for many years; since Hamas's election victory, particularly sharp infighting has occurred between Hamas and Fatah, leading to many Palestinian deaths.<ref name=Newsweek1> [http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13386990/site/newsweek "The Gangs of Gaza"], ''Newsweek'', June 26, 2006.</ref><ref>"...they find themselves on the brink of civil war in a power struggle between the governing Hamas movement and President Mahmoud Abbas's Fatah group. In two days of fighting between the two rival and well-armed factions, 12 Palestinians have been killed and more than 100 wounded, and there are few signs the months-long political dispute at the centre of the violence is about to die down." al-Mughrabi, Nidal and Assadi, Mohammed. [http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L03862017.htm Palestinian in-fighting provokes despair, frustration], ''[[Reuters]]'', October 3, 2006.</ref>
It was elected in January 2006 as the government of the Palestinian people.<ref name="HamasVictory">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4650788.stm "Hamas sweeps to election victory"], BBC News.</ref>
After coming to power, Hamas announced it was giving up suicide attacks and "offered a 10-year truce [with Israel] in return for a complete Israeli withdrawal from the occupied Palestinian territories: the West Bank, Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem."<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1654510.stm "Who are Hamas?"] ''BBC News''. January 27, 2007.</ref><ref> Ali Abunimah, author of "One Country: A Bold Proposal to End the Israeli-Palestinian Impasse," states: "It had observed the unilateral truce with Israel. It had given up suicide attacks against Israeli civilians. And there was no response to that. On the contrary." [http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07/06/15/1428213 "As Hamas Seizes Full Control of Gaza and US Prepares Further Isolation, What Next for Palestinians?"] ''Democracy Now!''. June 15, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0131/p09s02-coop.html "Hope for a Mideast resolution could grow with Hamas leadership"] ''Christian Science Monitor''. January 31, 2006.</ref> Hamas also declared a unilateral ceasefire with Israel which, after Israeli air strikes in response to Hamas smuggling weapons into Gaza, was formally renounced.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/16/wmid16.xml "Hamas threatens to break ceasefire after Israeli air strikes"] Telegraph.co.uk. October 17, 2006.</ref>
Following the [[Battle for Gaza (2007)|Battle for Gaza]] in June 2007, when Hamas used force to take control of the [[Gaza Strip]] after [[Fatah]] refused to hand over control to the new government, elected Hamas officials were ousted from their positions in the [[Palestinian National Authority]] government in the [[West Bank]] and were replaced by rival [[Fatah]] members as well as independents.<ref>[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1181813074587 Carter: Stop favoring Fatah over Hamas] [[The Jerusalem Post]] [[June 19]] [[2007]]</ref><ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/exposing-the-bitter-truth-of-gaza-carnage/2007/06/22/1182019365851.html Exposing the bitter truth of Gaza carnage] [[The Age]] [[June 23]], [[2007]]</ref> On June 18, 2007, Palestinian President [[Mahmoud Abbas]] ([[Fatah]]) issued a decree outlawing the Hamas militia and executive force.[http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/06/17/palestinian.cabinet/index.html][http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070621/ap_on_re_mi_ea/israel_palestinians]
According to the [[United States Department of State|US State Department]], the group is funded by [[Iran]], Palestinian expatriates, and private benefactors in [[Saudi Arabia]] and other Arab states.<ref name=SD1/> In a 2002 report, [[Human Rights Watch]] stated that Hamas' leaders "should be held accountable for the [[war crime]]s and [[crimes against humanity]]" that have been committed by its members.<ref>[http://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/isrl-pa/ISRAELPA1002-05.htm#P735_169095 Erased In A Moment: Suicide Bombing Attacks Against Israeli Civilians] V. Structures and Strategies of the Perpetrator Organizations, [[Human Rights Watch]], October, 2002. ISBN 1-56432-280-7</ref>
== نوم==
Some disagreement exists over the meaning of the word "Hamas" itself. ''Hamas'' is an [[Acronym and initialism|acronym]] of the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] phrase حركة المقاومة الاسلامية, or '''Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya''' or "Islamic Resistance Movement". Ami Isseroff on ''MidEast web'' states that the acronym is also the Arabic word for "zeal".<ref>[http://www.mideastweb.org/hamashistory.htm "A History of the Hamas Movement"]. Copyright 1999-2002. ''MidEast Web''.</ref> Hamas's charter itself on ''MidEast web'' states: "Hamas (means) strength and bravery -(according to) Al-Mua'jam al-Wasit".<ref>[http://www.mideastweb.org/hamas.htm "MidEast Web Historical Documents: The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)"]. Copyright 1999-2002. ''MidEast Web''.</ref>
The military wing of Hamas, formed in 1992, is known as the [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades]] to commemorate Sheikh [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam]], the father of modern Arab resistance, killed by the British in 1935. Armed Hamas cells also sometimes refer to themselves as "Students of Ayyash", "Students of the Engineer", or "Yahya Ayyash Units",<ref>Kushner, Harvey W. (2002). Encyclopedia of Terrorism, p.160 Sage Publications, ISBN 0-7619-2408-6</ref> to commemorate [[Yahya Ayyash]], an early Hamas bomb-maker killed in 1996.<ref>{{cite news | title=Who are Hamas?|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=January 26, 2006 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1654510.stm}}</ref>
==پېښلیک==
{{main|د حماس پېښلیک}}
Sheikh Ahmed Yassin founded Hamas in 1987 as an offshoot of [[Egypt]]'s [[Muslim Brotherhood]]. The acronym "Hamas" first appeared in 1987 in a leaflet that accused the Israeli [[Mossad|intelligence service]]s of undermining the moral fiber of Palestinian youth as part of Mossad's recruitment of what Hamas termed "[[collaborator]]s". The [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades]], the military branch, was created in 1992, a year before the [[Oslo Accords]].
Hamas' charter (written in 1988 and still in effect) calls for the destruction of the State of Israel and its replacement with a Palestinian [[Islamic republic|Islamic state]] in the area that is now Israel, the [[West Bank]], and the [[Gaza Strip]].<ref>"The Hamas charter calls for Israel to be destroyed and replaced by an Islamic state." Myre, Gred. [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/27/international/middleeast/27mideast.html?ex=1298696400&en=25164615c0b5f11c&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss "Israeli Official Says Hamas Has Made Abbas Irrelevant"] ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 27, 2006. </ref><ref>"Hamas, whose charter calls for Israel's destruction" Dinnick, Wilf. [http://abcnews.go.com/International/Mideast/story?id=2043878&page=1 "High-Stakes Political Poker: Forcing Hamas' Hand"], ''[[ABC News]]'', June 6, 2006.</ref><ref>"Hamas's charter uncompromisingly seeks Israel's destruction." [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5016012.stm "Palestinian Rivals: Fatah & Hamas"], ''[[BBC News]]'', May 25, 2006.</ref> During the 1990s and 2000s it became best known in the [[Western world]] for its [[Suicide attack|suicide bombings]]<ref name="suicide bombings">Best known for suicide bombings/attacks:
*"Best known for the violence it launched against Israel through suicide bombings and rocket attacks... " (Murphy, John. [http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nationworld/bal-te.hamas22jan22,0,7580545.story?coll=bal-home-headlines Hamas aims for political might], ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'', [[January 22]], [[2006]])
*"To the outside world, Hamas is best-known — infamous — for its reliance on suicide bombers." ([http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/palestine503/video_index.html Palestinian territories:Inside Hamas],''[[PBS]]'' ''[[Frontline (TV series)|FRONTLINE:World]]'', [[May 9]], [[2006]])
* "Defined as a terrorist organization by Israel, the U.S. and the European Union because of its suicide attacks on Israeli civilians..." (Karon, Tony., [http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,188137,00.html "Hamas Explained"], ''[[Time Magazine]]'', [[December 11]], [[2001]])
* "Hamas is best known abroad for the scores of suicide bombings it has carried out and its commitment to the destruction of Israel." (Barzak, Ibrahim. [http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=1525856 "Israel blames Iran, Syria for bombings"], ''[[ABC News]]'', [[January 20]], [[2006]], p. 2)
* "...the militant organization, best known abroad for its attacks against Israeli civilians..." (Musharbash, Yassin. [http://service.spiegel.de/cache/international/0,1518,druck-397664,00.html "Could Victory be Undoing of Hamas"], ''[[Der Spiegel]]'', [[January 27]], [[2006]])
* "Although Hamas is best known for its suicide attacks..." ([http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/holy/combatants/palestinians.html "Palestinian Political Organizations"], ''[[PBS]]'' ''[[Frontline (TV series)|FRONTLINE]]'', [[April 4]], [[2002]])
* "...is perhaps best known for its suicide bombings against Israeli targets." (Lynfield, Ben. [http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/1227/p06s01-wome.html Hamas gains grassroots edge], ''[[Christian Science Monitor]]'', [[December 27]], [[2004]])
* "...it was best known in Israel and abroad for the suicide attacks it used..." ([http://www.guardian.co.uk/israel/comment/0,,1696094,00.html "After the Hamas earthquake"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', January 27, 2006).</ref> and other attacks directed against civilians, including the [[Dolphinarium massacre]] and the [[Passover massacre]].
On [[January 26]] [[2004]], senior Hamas official [[Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi]] offered a 10-year truce, or ''[[hudna]]'', in return for a complete withdrawal by Israel from the [[Green Line (Israel)|territories captured]] in the [[Six Day War]], and the establishment of a Palestinian state (it remade the same offer after winning the majority in the [[PLC]], accepting the 2002 [[Arab Peace Initiative]]<ref> {{fr icon}} {{Cite news | title=Le Quartet cherche une solution à la banqueroute palestinienne | date=May 9, 2006 | accessdate=May 9, 2006 | publisher=[[Le Monde]]|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3218,36-769645,0.html}} </ref>). Hamas leader Sheikh [[Ahmed Yassin]] stated that the group could accept a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Rantissi confirmed that Hamas had come to the conclusion that it was "difficult to liberate all our land at this stage, so we accept a phased liberation." He said the truce could last 10 years, though "not more than 10 years".
From the time of an attack on the Israeli southern town of [[Be'er Sheva]] in August 2004, in which 15 people were killed and 125 wounded, the truce was generally observed. Hamas violated once, in August 2005, with an attack on the same bus station, wounding seven, and in several attacks on Israeli motorists — killing six in several attacks.<ref>{{cite news|title=Deadly Hebron cell caught|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3211836,00.html|publisher = Y Net News|date=February 6, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Shin Bet cracks Hamas terror cell|url= http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1138622559871&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull |date=February 6, 2006|publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}</ref>
While Hamas had boycotted the [[Palestinian presidential election, 2005|January 2005 presidential election]], during which [[Mahmoud Abbas]] was elected to replace [[Yasser Arafat]], it did participate in the [[Palestinian municipal election, 2005|municipal elections]] held between January and May 2005, in which it took control of [[Beit Lahia]] and [[Rafah]] in the Gaza Strip and [[Qalqilyah]] in the West Bank. The [[Palestinian legislative election, 2006|January 2006 legislative elections]] marked another victory for Hamas, which gained the majority of seats in the first fair and democratic elections held in Palestine,<ref>[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1181813074587 Carter: Stop favoring Fatah over Hamas], [[The Jerusalem Post]], [[June 19]], [[2007]]
</ref> defeating the ruling [[Fatah]] party. The "List of Change and Reform", as Hamas presented itself, obtained 42.9% of the vote and 74 of the 132 seats.<ref>[http://www.elections.ps/template.aspx?id=291 The CEC announces the final results of the second PLC elections]</ref>
Although Hamas omitted its call for the destruction of Israel from its election manifesto, calling instead for "the establishment of an independent state whose capital is [[Jerusalem]]," several Hamas candidates insisted that the charter remains in force.<ref name="guard1" /><ref>{{cite news | title=Hamas: Ceasefire for return to 1967 border | publisher=Y Net News | date=January 30, 2006 | url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3207845,00.html}}</ref> On [[February 8]], Hamas head [[Khaled Mashal]] speaking in Cairo had clarified that "Anyone who thinks Hamas will change is wrong", stating that while Hamas is willing for a ceasefire with Israel, its long term goal remains: elimination of Israel by Islam via a [[jihad]] against what Hamas sees as Zionist Jewish settler-colonial invaders in all of what he called Palestine.<ref>{{cite news|date=[[2006-02-09]]|title= Hamas offers deal if Israel pulls out| publisher= The Telegraph |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/02/09/wmid09.xml&sSheet=/news/2006/02/09/ixworld.html}}</ref>
On February 13, 2006, in an interview in Russian newspaper ''[[Nezavisimaya Gazeta]]'',<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3223438,00.html Peace with Israel for withdrawal to ’67 borders], ynetnews [[March 3]], [[2006]]</ref> the same Khaled Mashal declared that Hamas would stop armed struggle against Israel if it recognized the 1967 borders, withdrew itself from all [[Palestinian territories|Palestinian occupied territories]] (including the West Bank and [[East Jerusalem]]) and recognized Palestinian rights that would include the "right of return". Mashal would not acknowledge the [[Road map for peace]], adopted by the Quartet in June 2003, because "The problem is not Hamas' stance, but Israel's stance. It is in fact not honoring the Road Map".<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3223316,00.html Hamas delegation arrives in Moscow], ynetnews [[March 3]], [[2006]]</ref> The Road map projected the establishment of an independent Palestinian state in 2005.<ref>{{cite news | title=Hamas will end armed struggle if Israel quits territories — leader | publisher=AFX News Limited |date=February 12, 2006 | url=http://www.forbes.com/home/feeds/afx/2006/02/12/afx2519867.html}}</ref>
In May 2006, Hamas leaders threatened a new Intifada, as well as to decapitate anyone who tried to bring down their cabinet.<ref>Abu Toameh, Khaled. [http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1145961290193&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Hamas armed force readies for action], ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', May 6, 2006.</ref> Further, Hamas took a flexible stance that renewed support for the 2002 Arab peace initiative offering to restore normal relations with Israel in exchange for the creation of a Palestinian state.<ref> Le Monde Diplomatique, July 2007, http://mondediplo.com/2007/07/05palestine </ref>
After the formation of the Hamas cabinet on March 20, 2006, tensions have progressively risen in the Gaza strip between Fatah and Hamas militants, leading to demonstrations and violence, along with repeated attempts at a truce.<ref>Mahnaimi, Uzi. [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-2168494,00.html Israel foils plot to kill Palestinian president], ''[[The Sunday Times (UK)|The Sunday Times]]'', May 7, 2006.</ref><ref name="BBC8"/><!--This link has been killed somehow.-->
On [[June 27]], [[2006]] Hamas and [[Fatah]] reached an agreement which included the forming of a national unity government. On [[February 8]], [[2007]], Hamas and Fatah signed a deal to end [[Palestinian factional violence|factional warfare]] that had killed nearly 200 Palestinians and to form a coalition, hoping this would lead Western powers to lift crippling sanctions imposed on the Hamas-led government.<ref>Saud Abu Ramadan and David Rosenberg. [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601100&sid=aE3iGz0wnDsI&refer=germany Palestinians Reach Accord on Forging Unity Government]". ''Bloomberg'', [[February 9]], [[2007]].</ref>
The events leading to the [[2006 Israel-Gaza conflict]] began on [[June 9]], [[2006]]. An Israeli operation, [[Gaza beach blast|an explosion]] occurred on a busy Gaza beach, killing eight Palestinian civilians.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/frontpage/story/0,,1794536,00.html|title=Death on the Beach: Seven Palestinians killed as Israeli shells hit family picnic|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=[[2006-06-10]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.islamonline.net/English/News/2006-06/11/01.shtml|title= Palestinian Child Buries Slain Family |publisher=[[IslamOnline.net]]|date=[[2006-06-11]]}}</ref>
It was initially assumed that Israeli shellings were responsible for the killings, although Israeli government officials later denied this. Hamas formally withdrew from its 16-month [[ceasefire]] on [[June 10]], taking responsibility for the subsequent Qassam rocket attacks launched from Gaza into Israel.[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2006/06/15/international/i025402D49.DTL&type=politics]
On [[June 29]], Israel captured 64 Hamas officials. Amongst them were eight [[Palestinian Authority]] cabinet ministers and up to twenty members of the [[Palestinian Legislative Council]],<ref>{{cite news|title=ISRAELIS, PALESTINIANS URGED TO 'STEP BACK FROM THE BRINK', AVERT FULL-SCALE CONFLICT, AS SECURITY COUNCIL DEBATES EVENTS IN GAZA|publisher=[[UN]]|date= [[2006-06-30]]|url=http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8768.doc.htm}}</ref> as well as heads of regional councils, and the mayor of [[Qalqilyah]] and his deputy. At least a third of the Hamas cabinet was captured and held by Israel.
On [[6 August]] Israeli forces detained the Hamas' [[Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council]], [[Aziz Dweik]], at his home in the West Bank.
In June, renewed fighting broke out between Hamas and Fatah. As of [[June 14]], [[2007]], the current Palestinian government has been dissolved. President Mahmoud Abbas has dismissed the Hamas-led Palestinian Authority government. [http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1632614,00.html].
There was a brief war in which [[Battle of Gaza (2007)|Hamas seized control of Gaza]] and the Palestinian Authority was effectively split in two: Hamas controlling of Gaza and Fatah controlling the West Bank. It is reported that violence continued as of [[June 16]]th, 2007.
== ګروهې==
[[Image:Hamas flag2.png|thumb|right|267px|د حماس غړیو لخوا کارېدونکې توغ، چې سپېڅلې کلېمه پرې لیکل شوې ده]]
Founded in 1987, Hamas was the [[Gaza Strip]] branch of the [[Islamism|Islamist]] [[Muslim Brotherhood]] movement founded in Egypt. Hamas is opposed to the existence of [[Israel]], with one Hamas parliamentarian denouncing the 1993 [[Oslo Accords]] as "not a peace process" and "a process of deception and cheating and lies which enabled Israel to truncate our homeland with settlements and separation walls and roadblocks and closed military zones."<ref>Khalid Amayreh. [http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=18342 "'Cartoons reflect Europe's Islamophobia'"]. Interview with Aziz Duwaik. ''Al Jazeera English''. February 6, 2006. </ref> In 2004 Hamas offered a 10-year truce, or ''[[hudna]]'', in exchange for several conditions including a complete withdrawal from [[Israeli-occupied territories]] (''[[#2004 — A 10-year truce|see below]]'').
Hamas regards the territory of the present-day State of Israel — as well as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank — as an inalienable Islamic [[waqf]] or religious bequest, which can never be surrendered to [[non-Muslim]]s. It asserts that struggle (''[[jihad]]'') to regain control of the land from Israel is the religious duty of every Muslim (''fard `ain''). Hamas does not recognize Israel as a sovereign state, unlike the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO), which has recognized it since 1988, and calls it the "[[Zionist entity]]". Its charter calls for an end to Israel. During the election campaign, Hamas did not mention its call for the destruction of Israel in its electoral manifesto.<ref name="guard1">{{cite news|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=January 12, 2006|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/israel/Story/0,2763,1684472,00.html|title=Hamas drops call for destruction of Israel from manifesto}}</ref> But several Hamas candidates insist that the charter is still in force and often called for Israel to be "wiped off the map" in campaign speeches. On January 25, 2006, after winning the Palestinian elections, Hamas leader [[Mahmoud al-Zahar]] gave an interview to [[Al-Manar]] TV denouncing foreign demands that Hamas recognize Israel's right to exist.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.memritv.org/Transcript.asp?P1=1014|title=Hamas Leader Mahmoud Al-Zahhar: We Will Not Give Up the Resistance; We Will Not Give Up a Single Inch of Palestine; We Will Not Recognize Israel's Right to Exist|publisher=[[The Middle East Media Research Institute]] (MEMRI) |date=January 25, 2006}}</ref> After the establishment of Hamas government, Dr Al-Zahar stated his "dreams of hanging a huge map of the world on the wall at my Gaza home which does not show Israel on it...I hope that our dream to have our independent state on all historic Palestine (including Israel). This dream will become real one day. I'm certain of this because there is no place for the state of Israel on this land". He also "didn't rule out the possibility of having Jews, Muslims and Christians living under the sovereignty of an Islamic state, adding that the Palestinians never hated the Jews and that only the Israeli occupation was their enemy".<ref>{{cite web|author=Khaled Abu Toameh|title='I dream of a map without Israel'|publisher=[[Jerusalem Post]]|date=April 2, 2006|url= http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1143498785513&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter}}</ref>
Hamas's charter calls for the eventual creation of an Islamic Republic in place of Israel.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)|publisher=MidEast Web|date=August 18, 1988|url=http://www.mideastweb.org/hamas.htm}}</ref> Hamas sees this view as an Islamic religious duty and prophesy that comes directly from [[Hadith]]. In 1999, late Hamas co-founder [[Ahmed Yassin|Sheikh Ahmed Yassin]] mentioned the year 2027 as the possible date for the "disappearance" of Israel.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Palestinian media dream a possible dream|url= http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=317595&contrassID=2&subContrassID=5&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y |author=Arnon Regular|accessdate=2006-04-10|publisher=[[Haaretz]] }}</ref><ref>[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP51803 "Arab Statesmanship's Fatal Flaw: Backward Political Decision-Making"] ''The Middle East Media Research Institute''. June 5, 2003.</ref> The group has not issued a clear statement about how it would deal with the current population of Israel, should it succeed in overthrowing Israeli and secular Palestinian government. [[Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi]], one of its co-founders, stated that the movement's goal is "to remove Israel from the map".<ref> {{cite news | title=New-look Hamas spends £100k on an image makeover | publisher=[[The Guardian]] | date=January 20, 2006|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/israel/Story/0,,1690610,00.html}} </ref> On [[February 13]], [[2005]], Hamas leader [[Khaled Mashal]] declared that Hamas would stop [[Guerrilla warfare|armed struggle]] against Israel if Israel recognized the [[1967]] [[Green Line (Israel)|borders]], withdrew from all Palestinian territories and accept the demand for Palestinian "[[Palestinian right of return|Right of Return]]" (''[[#January 2006 — Winning the legislative election|see below]]'').
According to the [[Washington Institute for Near East Policy]], Hamas views the [[Arab-Israeli conflict]] as "a religious struggle between [[Islam]] and [[Judaism]] that can only be resolved by the destruction of the State of Israel".<ref>{{cite web|title=Hamas: The Fundamentalist Challenge to the PLO|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC04.php?CID=116|date=April, 1992}}</ref> Hamas uses both political activities and violence to pursue its goal of establishing an Islamic [[Proposals for a Palestinian state|Palestinian state]] in place of Israel and the secular [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian Authority]]. Israeli military operations during the [[al-Aqsa Intifada]] in 2002 put pressure on Hamas in the West Bank following several bombings in Israel for which Hamas claimed responsibility. Hamas has also engaged in peaceful political activities, including running candidates in West Bank [[Chamber of commerce]] elections.
During the election campaign the organization toned down criticism of Israel in its election manifesto, stating only that it was prepared to use "armed resistance to end the occupation".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stockholmsfria.nu/artikel/6296|title= Islamistisk politik vinner mark|author=Madelene Axelsson|date=January 27, 2006|publisher=[[Stockholms Fria Tidning]]}} {{sv icon}}</ref>
The slogan of Hamas is "God is its target, [[Muhammad|the Prophet]] is its model, the [[Qur'an]] its [[constitution]]: Jihad is its path and death for the sake of God is the loftiest of its wishes." Hamas states that its objective is to support the oppressed and wronged and "to bring about justice and defeat injustice, in word and deed." Hamas believes that "the land of Palestine is an Islamic [[Waqf]] (trust) consecrated for future Muslim generations until [[Qiyamah|Judgement Day]]," and as such, the land cannot be negotiated away by any political leader. Hamas rejects "so-called peaceful solutions and international conferences" as "in contradiction to the principles of the Islamic Resistance Movement", stating "there is no solution for the Palestinian question except through [[Jihad]]".{{Fact|date=November 2007}}
=== [[اسلام]]===
Like the [[Muslim Brotherhood]], which Hamas branched off from, Hamas believes the rules of Islam, or the [[Sharia]] to be a sufficient guide for all areas of life. Since Hamas sees Islam as a sufficent guide for all areas in life, and as a way of life, they, as the Covenant of Hamas says, tries to make Islam its programme.<ref>http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Hamas_Covenant</ref>
=== The Covenant of Hamas ===
{{see also|wikisource:Hamas Covenant}}
The 1988 [[wikisource:Hamas Covenant|Hamas Covenant]] (or Charter) states that the organization's goal is to "raise the banner of [[Allah|God]] over every inch of Palestine," in order to establish an [[Islamic Republic]].
The thirty-six articles of the Covenant detail the movement's Islamist beliefs regarding the primacy of Islam in all aspects of life. The Covenant identifies Hamas as the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine and considers its members to be Muslims who "fear God and raise the banner of Jihad in the face of the oppressors." Hamas describes resisting and quelling the enemy as the individual duty of every Muslim and prescribes revolutionary roles for all members of society; including men and women, professionals, scientists and students.
The Covenant outlines the organization's position on various issues, including social and economic development and ideological influences, education, as well as its position regarding Israel. Amongst many other things, it reiterates the group's rejection of the coexistence principle of the [[peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict]].
=== Freemasons, Lions Club and the Rotarians ===
Hamas categorizes the [[Freemason]]s, [[Lions Clubs International|Lions Club]], and the [[Rotary International|Rotarians]] as organizations promoting "the interest of [[Zionism]]." It accuses those organizations, and the "Zionist invasion" in general, of being "behind the [[Illegal drug trade|drug trade]] and [[alcoholism]] in all its kinds." Hamas believes that Zionism was "behind the [[French Revolution]], the [[Communist revolution]] and most of the revolutions we heard and hear about, here and there. With their money they formed secret societies, such as Freemasons, Rotary Clubs, the Lions and others in different parts of the world for the purpose of sabotaging societies and achieving Zionist interests."<ref>[http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/hamas.htm Hamas Covenant]</ref>
=== Antisemitism ===
Hamas' critics argue that Hamas is "full of hatred towards the Jews."<ref>[http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/WUPJ-9-2004.htm Statement by Guest Representative Prof. Robert S. Wistrich], 29 March 2004. United Nations Commission On Human Rights (15 March-23 April 2004). Question: Violation human rights and fundamental freedoms in any part of the world (item 9)</ref> Critics also state Hamas is primarily [[anti-Zionism|anti-Zionist]], but perceives Judaism as wholly embracing [[Zionism]], and therefore has often failed to distinguish between the two.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anti-semitic motifs in Hamas leaflets, 1987–1992|url=http://www.ict.org.il/articles/articledet.cfm?articleid=51#motifs|publisher=[[The Institute for Counter-Terrorism]]|date=July 9, 1998}}</ref>
The Covenant cites ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'', the propagandist book falsely attributed to Jews, stating it embodies a "Zionist plan" for "limitless" territorial expansion:
<blockquote>Today it is Palestine, tomorrow it will be one country or another. The Zionist plan is limitless. After Palestine, the Zionists aspire to expand from the Nile to the Euphrates. When they will have digested the region they overtook, they will aspire to further expansion, and so on. Their plan is embodied in the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion"</blockquote>
Other articles of the Hamas Covenant refer to fighting the Jews.
According to [[Robert Wistrich]],
<blockquote>"Like other Islamists, the Hamas uses antisemitic language, full of hatred towards Jews, ever since its foundation in 1987. In its Sacred Covenant [18 August 1988], there are frequent references to the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, which would have gladdened the hearts of Hitler and Goebbels. It is difficult to see what any of this has to do with spirituality, works of charity, dialogue or the search for peace."<ref>[http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/WUPJ-9-2004.htm Statement by Guest Representative Prof. Robert S. Wistrich], 29 March 2004. United Nations Commission On Human Rights (15 March-23 April 2004). Question: Violation human rights and fundamental freedoms in any part of the world (item 9)</ref></blockquote>
In 1998, Esther Webman of the Project for the Study of Anti-Semitism at the [[Tel Aviv University]]
wrote: "...the anti-Semitic rhetoric in Hamas leaflets is frequent and intense. Nevertheless, anti-Semitism is not the main tenet of Hamas ideology. Generally no differentiation was made in the leaflets between Jew and Zionist, in as much as Judaism was perceived as embracing Zionism, although in other Hamas publications and in interviews with its leaders attempts at this differentiation have been made."<ref>{{cite web|title=Anti-semitic motifs in Hamas leaflets, 1987–1992|url=http://www.ict.org.il/articles/articledet.cfm?articleid=51#motifs|publisher=[[The Institute for Counter-Terrorism]]|date=July 9, 1998}}</ref>
According to [[Meir Litvak]]'s 2003 study, "In Hamas' literature, antisemitism became almost dominant. Earlier antisemitic motifs are developed time and again in their magazine Falastin al-Muslama. Almost every issue contains anti-Jewish articles using elements from the Islamic tradition. Judaism is presented as a religion based on lies, which from its origin called for aggression against others and their exploitation."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Development of Arab Anti-Semitism|url=http://www.jcpa.org/phas/phas-5.htm|date=February 2, 2003|publisher=[[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]]}}</ref>
Co-founder of Hamas [[Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi]] reiterated beliefs of [[Holocaust denial]] in 2003, contending that the Holocaust was a Zionist – Nazi collaboration for the purpose of encouraging emigration to Israel.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hamas Leader Rantisi: The Holocaust-The Greatest of Lies Funded by the Zionists|date=August 27, 2003|publisher=MEMRI Special Dispatch Series — No. 558|url=http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP55803}}</ref>
Also in 2003, the director of Hamas Children’s Summer Camp in Gaza City, Sohab Alissa, was anti-Semitic:
<blockquote>“The first thing we want to teach them is their cause. They know from daily experience that their enemy is the Jew — our job is to explain why. In the Koran much is said about the bad behavior of the Jew. Some teachings say God cursed the Jews”<ref>Sohab Alissa, director of Hamas Children’s Summer Camp Gaza City. (Los Angeles Times July 17, 2003). Quoting [http://www.wiesenthal.com/atf/cf/%7BDFD2AAC1-2ADE-428A-9263-35234229D8D8%7D/hydraofterror.pdf Unmasking Hamas’ Hydra of Terror]. [[Simon Wiesenthal Center]]</ref></blockquote>
The chief of Hamas's political bureau [[Khaled Meshaal]] also denied antisemitism in Hamas's ideology in February, 2006:
<blockquote>"Our message to the Israelis is this: We do not fight you because you belong to a certain faith or culture. Jews have lived in the Muslim world for 13 centuries in peace and harmony; they are in our religion "the people of the book" who have a covenant from God and his messenger, Muhammad (peace be upon him), to be respected and protected."
<p>
"Our conflict with you is not religious but political. We have no problem with Jews who have not attacked us — our problem is with those who came to our land, imposed themselves on us by force, destroyed our society and banished our people."<ref>{{cite news|title='We shall never recognize... a Zionist state on our soil'|date=February 1, 2006|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|url=
http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-oe-meshal1feb01,0,4722412.story}}</ref>
</blockquote>
On 30 March 2007, Hamas spokesman Ismail Radwan ended his "prayers to Allah" in a sermon broadcast on the Palestinian Authority’s TV quoting the [[hadith]] "The Hour [of Resurrection] will not take place until the Muslims fight the Jews and the Muslims kill them, and the rock and the tree will say: 'Oh, Muslim, servant of Allah, there is a Jew behind me, kill him!'" Al Aqsa mosque would be "liberated" "through the rifle", since the Israeli occupation knew no other language. He asked "Jihad-fighting worshippers" in "Palestine and everywhere" and [[Allah]] to take away the oppressor Jews and Americans and their supporters!"<ref name="worldnetdaily55176">[http://worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=55176 Wnd Trouble In The Holy Land], Hamas tells Arabs: Genocide of Jews still on, [[WorldNetDaily]], [[April 13]], [[2007]]</ref>
In April 2007, [[Palestinian Media Watch]] released a video in which "Dr. Ahmad Bahar, acting speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council," refers to Israel's Jewish citizens as a "cancerous lump" and prays to Allah to "count them and kill them to the last one, and don't leave even one."<ref>Bahar, Ahmad quoted from [[Palestinian Media Watch]]. [[4 May]] [[2007]]. http://www.pmw.org.il/asx/PMW_AhmadBahr200407.asx</ref>
In an article published on April 23, 2007 in the Hamas paper ''Al-Risalah'', its author Kan'an Ubayd stated: "... the extermination of Jews is good for the inhabitants of the worlds on a land, to which Allah gave his blessing for the sake of the inhabitants of the worlds.”<ref>[http://pmw.org.il/bulletins_may2007.htm#b030507 Hamas: "The extermination of the Jews is good for the inhabitants of the worlds."]. [[Palestinian Media Watch]] bulletin by Itamar Marcus and Barbara Crook. May 3, 2007 </ref>
== فعاليتونه==
=== د ټولنيزو زده کړو او ښه والي برابرول ===
Hamas is particularly popular among Palestinians in the [[Gaza Strip]], though it also has a following in the [[West Bank]], and to a lesser extent in other Middle Eastern countries. Since its formation in 1987, Hamas has conducted numerous social, political, and military actions. Its popularity stems in part from its [[social welfare|welfare]] and social services to Palestinians in the [[occupied territories]], including school and hospital construction. The group devotes much of its estimated $70 million annual budget to an extensive social services network, running many relief and education programs, and funds schools, orphanages, mosques, healthcare clinics, soup kitchens, and sports leagues. According to the Israeli scholar [[Reuven Paz]] "approximately 90 percent of the organization's work is in social, welfare, cultural, and educational activities".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfrterrorism.org/groups/hamas.html|publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|date=March 16, 2006|title=Hamas: Background Q&A}}</ref> These programs are viewed variously as part of a sincere social development agenda, an integrated para-state policy, as [[propaganda]] and [[recruitment]] exercises, or any combination thereof.{{Fact|date=October 2007}}
In fact, by providing these services they succeeded in acquiring popularity among the Palestine people and gaining their political allegiance; this is related to the concept of a [[political machine]]. Their funds come from [[OPEC]] representatives in [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Kuwait]], [[Iran]], as well as charitable donations from local and international community. {{Fact|date=October 2007}}
In 1973, the Islamic center 'Mujamma' was established in Gaza and started to offer clinics, blood banks, day care, medical treatment, meals and youth clubs. The centre plays an important role for providing social care to the people, particularly those living in refugee camps. It also extended financial aid and scholarships to young people who wanted to study in Saudi Arabia and the West.<ref>{{cite news | title=Is It really So Surprising? — Hamas Victory In Palestine | date=8 January, 2006 | url=http://www.countercurrents.org/pa-rose080206.htm }}</ref>
In particular, Hamas funded health services where people could receive free or inexpensive medical treatment. Hamas greatly contributed to the health sector, and facilitated hospital and physician services in the Palestinian territory. On the other hand, Hamas’s use of hospitals is sometimes criticised as purportedly serving the promotion of suicide bombings and other forms of violence against Israel.
Hamas also funded education as well as the health service, and built Islamic charities, libraries, mosques, education centers for women. They also built nurseries, kindergartens and supervised religious schools that provide free meals to children. When children attend their schools and mosques, parents are required to sign oaths of allegiance.
Refugees, as well as those left without homes, are able to claim financial and technical assistance from Hamas.<ref>Peter Hilsenrath {{cite news | title=HEALTH POLICY AS COUNTER-TERRORISM: HEALTH SERVICES AND THE PALESTINIANS | date=October, 2005|url=http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/media/78u409g64p5jvh491v5m/contributions/x/2/6/5/x26530218g04pll8.pdf}}</ref>
In any case, Hamas has significantly increased literacy in areas where it is active{{Fact|date=October 2007}}. Hamas also funds a number of other charitable activities, primarily in the Gaza Strip{{Fact|date=October 2007}}. These include religious institutions, medical facilities, and social needs of the area's residents.{{Fact|date=October 2007}} The work of Hamas in these fields supplements that provided by the [[United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East|United Nations Relief Works Agency]] (UNRWA). The [[charitable trust]] [[Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development]] was accused in December 2001 of funding Hamas{{Fact|date=October 2007}}. Hamas is also well regarded by Palestinians for its efficiency and perceived lack of corruption compared to Fatah.<ref>{{cite news | title=Why Rising Popularity Poses a Dilemma for Hamas | publisher=Time | date=January 23, 2006|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1151969,00.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Palestinian Authority held a democratic election and Israel and the rest of the world must accept that Hamas was the victor|publisher=[[Jewish Virtual Library]] | date=No date | url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/myths/mf24.html#a46}}</ref>
=== Funding ===
The majority of Hamas funding comes from [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref>[http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief3-4.htm Combating Terrorist Financing], "[[Jerusalem Centre For Public affairs]]", [[August 14]], [[2003]]</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=2378 A Hamas Headquarters in Saudi Arabia?], [[The Washington Institute]], [[September 28]], [[2005]]</ref> According to the [[United States Department of State|U.S. State Dept]],<ref name=SD1/> Hamas is funded by [[Iran]] (led by a [[Shi'a Islam|Shiite Islamic]] regime), Palestinian expatriates, and private benefactors in [[Saudi Arabia]] and other Arab states. The party is known to support families of suicide bombers after their deaths. Some believe the financial support includes a monthly allowance.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hamas from cradle to grave|publisher=[[The Middle East Quarterly]]|date=Winter 2004|url=http://www.meforum.org/article/582|author=Matthew A. Levitt}}</ref> Various sources, among them ''[[United Press International]]'',<ref name="UPI">"Hamas history tied to Israel", [[United Press International]], [[June 18]], [[2002]]</ref> ''[[Le Canard enchaîné]]'', Bill Baar, [[Gérard Chaliand]]<ref> [http://www.cyberscopie.info/pages/art_entre/art43_entre.html Gérard Chaliand: « En Irak, l'insurrection armée montre sa terrible efficacité face à la meilleure armée du monde »], April 2006 interview with [[Gérard Chaliand]], renowned specialist of guerrillas movements and international politics {{fr icon}} </ref> and ''[[L'Humanité]]''<ref name="Humanite">{{en icon}}/{{fr icon}}{{cite news|title=Hamas is a creation of Mossad (English translation)|publisher=[[L'Humanité]]|date=Summer 2002| accessdate=May 2, 2006 | url=http://globalresearch.ca/articles/ZER403A.html}}; French original version: {{Cite news | title=Hamas, le produit du Mossad | date=December 14, 2001 | accessdate=May 3, 2006 | publisher=[[L'Humanité]] | url=http://www.humanite.fr/journal/2001-12-14/2001-12-14-255050}} </ref> have highlighted that Hamas' early growth — before its official founding and the creation of the military branch — had been supported by the [[Mossad]] as a "counterbalance to the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO)". Furthermore, the French investigative newspaper ''Le Canard enchaîné'' stated that [[Shabak|Shin Bet]] had also supported Hamas as a counterweight to the PLO and Fatah, in an attempt to give "a religious slant to the conflict, in order to make the West believe that the conflict was between Jews and Muslims", thus supporting the controversial thesis of a "[[Clash of Civilizations|clash of civilizations]]".<ref name="Le Canard"> ''Les très secrètes 'relations' Israël-Hamas'' (The very secret Israel-Hamas 'relations'), ''[[Le Canard Enchaîné]]'', February 1, 2006 (issue n°4449) {{fr icon}} </ref>
===Children's web site===
Al Fateh is Hamas' web site for children [http://www.al-fateh.net]. According to ''The Museum of Harmony and Golden Section'', "Al-Fateh" means "first".<ref>[http://www.goldenmuseum.com/1401Libya_engl.html "Libya: the land of infinite variety and contrast"]. ''Museum of Harmony and Golden Section''.</ref> According to ''Our Jerusalem'', it means "conqueror".<ref>[http://www.ourjerusalem.com/press/story/on-camera-column-ignoring-hamas-hate-indoctrination.html "On CAMERA Column: Ignoring Hamas Hate-Indoctrination"]. ''Our Jerusalem''. February 9th, 2006.</ref> The site says it is for "the young builders of the future."
Several [[Israel]]i reviews and news coverages of the site describe it as hate mongering and accuse it of teaching violence and terrorism to children [http://www.pmw.org.il/LatestBulletins.htm#b160306], [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3225214,00.html], [http://www.ourjerusalem.com/press/story/on-camera-column-ignoring-hamas-hate-indoctrination.html]
According to [[Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America]] "Issue number 38 of Al-Fateh, includes a photograph of the decapitated head of a female suicide bomber. The caption reads "Zaynab Abu Salem who carried out the suicide bombing attack. Her head was severed from her pure body and her headscarf remained to decorate her face. Your place is in heaven in the upper sky, Zaynab ... sister [raised to the status of heroic] men." Abu Salem had killed two Israeli border policemen and wounded 17." ''The Al Fateh web site contains images of graphic violence that may be shocking to some. Some of the sites reviewing the Al Fateh site contain examples of those images.'' [http://www.teachkidspeace.org/doc1011.php], [http://www.intelligence.org.il/Eng/sib/11_04/edu.htm], [http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=7&x_issue=16&x_article=1078],[http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=99839 News report]
==="Mickey Mouse" children's program controversy===
[[Image:Farfour.jpg|thumb|right|Farfur, in an episode of the series ''[[Tomorrow's Pioneers]]'', mimes carrying a rifle while teaching young viewers about such topics as "Resistance Jihad."<ref>[http://www.cnsnews.com/ForeignBureaus/archive/200705/INT20070507b.html "Hamas Uses Mickey Mouse to Push Islamic Supremacy" by Julie Stahl], ''[[CNSNews.com]]'', [[2007-05-07]]</ref><ref name="spiegel_1">[http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/0,1518,481940,00.html "Hamas Mickey Mouse Teaches Jihad" (CGH/AP)], ''[[Der Spiegel]] online'', [[2007-05-09]]</ref>]]In April 2007 Hamas-affiliated al-Aqsa channel used a [[Mickey Mouse]] lookalike on a [[children's program]] called ''[[Tomorrow's Pioneers]]'' which "critics said was spreading anti-US and anti-Israeli messages to children."<ref name="endmickey">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6257594.stm "Hamas 'Mickey Mouse' killed off"]. BBC News. June 30, 2007.</ref> The character, named "[[Farfour]]" and host Saraa taught children to seek Islamic leadership of the world and invited them to recite violent songs and poems about resistance.<ref>[http://pmw.org.il/bulletins_may2007.htm#b060507 "Hamas steals Mickey Mouse image to teach hate and Islamic supremacy"], ''[[Palestinian Media Watch]]''</ref>
Criticism has come from many quarters. [[Mark Regev]], Israel's Foreign Ministry spokesman, was outraged that "children are taught that killing Jews is a good thing." Basem Abu Sumaya, head of the [[Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation]], stated "I don't think it's professional or even humane to use children in such harsh political programs."<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/05/08/africa/ME-GEN-Palestinians-Hamas-Mickey-Mouse.php "Hamas "Mickey Mouse" calls for Muslim world domination"], ''[[Associated Press]]'', [[May 8]], [[2007]]</ref>
On May 9, at the request of the Palestinian Information Ministry, Hamas suspended the program. Information minister [[Mustafa Barghouti]] said it was wrong to direct political messages at children and that "Any media outlet that breaks Palestinian broadcasting law will be penalized by the Information Ministry."<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/857709.html "PA pulls Hamas TV children`s program with mock Mickey Mouse advocating violence"], ''[[Haaretz]]'', [[May 9]], [[2007]]</ref> But according to the British Daily Telegraph, a spokesman for the station, which is owned and run by Hamas, later announced that the program would continue and that to remove it would be a political surrender to Israel.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/11/whamas11.xml "Anti-Israel 'Mickey Mouse' row escalates"]. Telegraph.co.uk.</ref>
The program then returned to Palestinian TV,<ref name="kwt1">[http://www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php?newsid=MTY2ODY0MDkwNg== "Hamas Mickey is back on TV"], ''[[Kuwait Times]] online'', [[2007-05-12]], Retrieved on [[2007-05-18]]</ref> again garnering international attention when in an episode which aired on [[June 29]], [[2007]], Farfour [the mouse] was shown being beaten to death by an Israeli who had tried to buy his land, and whom he labels a terrorist. The presenter Saraa said that he was "martyred defending his land", and was killed "by the killers of children".<ref name="guard1" /> The program has since returned to regular broadcast, with Farfour replaced by a new character, Nahoul the Bumblebee.
On 24/8/2007, News media reported the Hamas Al-Aqsa TV aired a 'Lion King' cartoon to portray the Hamas victory in the Gaza.<ref>[http://www.memritv.org/clip/en/1540.htm Clip of Hamas-Style Lion King Vanquishes Fatah Rats]. MEMRI TV</ref>
=== Crackdown on dissent and on the Press===
Human rights groups and ordinary Gazans accuse Hamas of forcefully clamping down dissent. Hamas is using means which are criminal including: Torture, political detentions and firing on un-armed protestors who object Hamas policies.[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/08/26/wgaza126.xml].
Hamas have also been harassing and arresting Palestinian journalists in Gaza [http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/08/25/africa/ME-GEN-Palestinians-Journalists-Protest.php],[http://www.wafa.ps/english/body.asp?id=10292]. On [[August 29]], [[2007]] Palestinian health officials reported that Hamas has been shuting down Gaza clinic as retaliation for doctor strikes - Hamas confirmed that "punitive measure against doctors" who - according to Hamas - "incite others to strike and suspend services" have been taken. [http://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL28500882._CH_.2400]
On August 28th, 2007 Hamas media workers slipped into an anti-Hamas rally in intention to disperse it from within.[http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/6249803.html]
On August 31st, 2007 two French journalists were hit by an explosive device as they were covering a Fatah demo in which Hamas forces used violence[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/08/31/africa/ME-GEN-Palestinians-Gaza-Clash.php]
On September 6th, Hamas disbands journalists union and arrested 5 journalist[http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=23565]
On September 7th, 2007 Hamas prevented public prayers in Gaza [http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/6257745.html] while Hamas security forces beat those who attempted to pray[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3447034,00.html]
On November 14, 2007 Hamas arrested a British journalist and canceled all press cards in Gaza. No news photography is allowed without a new license from hamas [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071114/ap_on_re_mi_ea/israel_palestinians], [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article2863831.ece]
=== Other ===
[http://www.palestine-info.info/ The main website of Hamas] provides translations of official communiqués in [[Persian language]], [[Urdu]], [[Malay language|Malay]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[English language|English]], and [[Arabic language|Arabic]].
In 2005, Hamas announced its intention to launch an experimental TV channel, "[[Al-Aqsa]]". The station was launched on January 7, 2006, less than three weeks before the [[Palestinian legislative election, 2006|Palestinian legislative elections]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Hamas launches “Al-Aqsa”, an experimental TV channel intended to improve its propaganda and indoctrination capabilities|date=January 22, 2006|url=http://www.intelligence.org.il/eng/eng_n/al_aqsa_e.htm|publisher=Center for Special Studies}}</ref> It included a TV show for children.
== Militancy and terrorism ==
=== Suicide attacks ===
Suicide attacks are the main element of what the group sees as its [[asymmetric warfare]] against Israel. Since the group considers all Israel to be a "[[militarism|militarized]] society" (there is [[Israel#Military|mandatory military service]] for many Israelis), Hamas condones attacks on civilian targets. The group's willingness to target civilian facilities including buses, supermarkets, and restaurants is the reason why some governments classify it as a terrorist movement (although Hamas claims being a [[national liberation movement]]).
Hamas' first use of [[suicide bombing]] occurred on [[April 16]], [[1993]] when a suicide bomber driving an explosive-laden van detonated between two buses parked at a restaurant. It was Hamas' 19th known attack since 1989 (the others being shootings, kidnappings and knife attacks).<ref> [http://www.ict.org.il/inter_ter/orgattack.cfm?orgid=13 Hamas attacks (1988–2002)] The Institute for Counter-Terrorism</ref>
Hamas continued to launch suicide attacks during the Oslo Accords period (see [[List of Hamas suicide attacks]]).
During the [[Al-Aqsa Intifada|second Intifada]], Hamas, along with the [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement|Islamic Jihad Movement]], spearheaded the violence through the years of the Palestinian uprising.<ref> {{cite news | title=Victory leaves Hamas with a dilemma (Opinion) | publisher=[[The Telegraph]] | date=January 27, 2006|url=http://www.opinion.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2006/01/27/do2702.xml&sSheet=/opinion/2006/01/27/ixopinion.html}} </ref> Since then Hamas has conducted many attacks on Israel, mainly through its military wing — the [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades]]. These attacks have included large-scale [[suicide bombing]]s against Israeli civilian targets, the most deadly of which was the bombing of a [[Netanya]] hotel on [[March 27]], [[2002]], in which 30 people were killed and 140 were wounded. This attack has also been referred to as the [[Netanya suicide attack|Passover massacre]] since it took place on the first night of the Jewish festival of [[Passover]]. Overall, from November 2000 to April 2004, 377 Israeli citizens and soldiers were killed and 2,076 wounded in 425 attacks by Hamas. ([http://www1.idf.il/DOVER/site/mainpage.asp?sl=EN&id=7&docid=30286.EN Source: IDF website].) The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs maintains a comprehensive list of Hamas attacks. [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terror+Groups/Hamas+terror+attacks+22 March 2004.htm]
A few [[female suicide bomber]]s, including a mother of six and a mother of two children under the age of 10 have also executed suicide bombings. [[Abdel Aziz Rantisi]] has said, <blockquote>
"The Hamas movement is prepared to stop terror against Israeli civilians if Israel stops killing Palestinian civilians ... We have told (Palestinian Authority Prime Minister) Abu Mazen in our meetings that there is an opportunity to stop targeting Israeli civilians if the Israelis stop assassinations and raids and stop brutalizing Palestinian civilians."<ref>{{cite web| title=Arnon Regular|publisher=Ha'reetz |url= http://www.borderlandsejournal.adelaide.edu.au/vol4no1_2005/reinhart_complex.htm| date=May 25, 2003|}}</ref></blockquote>
In May 2006 Israel arrested Hamas top official [[Ibrahim Hamed]] whom Israeli security officials claim was responsible for dozens of [[suicide bombings]] and other attacks on Israelis.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ynetnews.com/Ext/Comp/ArticleLayout/CdaArticlePrintPreview/1,2506,L-3254071,00.html|title= Top Hamas fugitive nabbed|publisher=ynetnews.com|date=[[May 23]], [[2006]]}}</ref>
=== Shelling and rocket attacks on civilians ===
Since 2002, Hamas has used homemade [[Qassam rocket]]s to hit Israeli towns in the [[Negev]], such as [[Sderot]]. The introduction of the ''Qassam-2 rocket'' has allowed Hamas to reach large Israeli cities such as [[Ashkelon]], bringing great concern to the Israeli populace and many attempts by the Israeli military to stop the proliferation and use of the rockets.
=== Guerilla warfare ===
Hamas has made great use of guerrilla tactics in the Gaza Strip and to a lesser degree the West Bank.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3310425,00.html|publisher=[[Ynet News]] |date=October 3 2006|title=Report: Hamas weighing large-scale conflict with Israel}}</ref> Hamas has successfully adapted these techniques over the years since its inception. According to a 2006 report by rival Fatah party, Hamas had smuggled "between several hundred and 1,300 tons" of advanced rockets, along with other weaponry, into Gaza. Some Israelis and some Gazans both noted similarities in Hamas's military buildup to that of Hezbollah in the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah war.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3310425,00.html|publisher=[[Ynet News]] |date=October 3 2006|title=Report: Hamas weighing large-scale conflict with Israel}}</ref>
Successful use of IED's (Improvised Explosive Devices) and anti-tank missiles against Israeli Military incursions into the Gaza Strip have proven highly effective in both casualties inflicted upon the Israeli forces, as well as slowing or stopping these incursions in their tracks. Furthermore, the IDF has a difficult, if not impossible time trying to find hidden weapons caches in Palestinian areas — this due to the high local support base Hamas enjoys in Gaza.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.humanities.uci.edu/history/levineconference/papers/aburaiya.pdf#search=%22hamas%20enjoys%20great%20popular%20support%22|Author=Issam Aburaiya|date=October 3 2006|title=Hamas and Palestinian Nationalism}}</ref>
=== Others attacked ===
In addition to killing Israeli civilians, Hamas has also attacked Israeli military and security forces (occasionally inside Israel), suspected Palestinian [[collaborator]]s, and [[Fatah]] rivals.<ref>[http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&c=Article&pubid=968163964505&cid=1159712646109&col=968705899037&call_page=TS_News&call_pageid=968332188492&call_pagepath=News/News Fatah, Hamas gunbattles kill 7] (Toronto Star) October 1, 2006</ref>
=== Call to attack United States targets ===
On [[November 8]], [[2006]] the military wing of Hamas called on Muslims around the world to attack American targets. "America is offering political, financial and logistic cover for the Zionist occupation crimes, and it is responsible for the Beit Hanoun massacre. Therefore, the people and the nation all over the globe are required to teach the American enemy tough lessons," Hamas said in a statement sent to The Associated Press. Ghazi Hamad, spokesman for the Hamas-led Palestinian government said that the group had no intention of attacking American targets and denied any involvement with the statement.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1162378352193&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull|publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |date=November 8 2006|title=Hamas to Muslims: Attack US targets}}</ref>
It has been argued that Hamas threatens the United States due to the number of alleged Hamas [[covert cells]] the [[FBI]] and [[United States Department of Justice]] are aware of on U.S. soil.<ref>[http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/iln/indict/2004/marzook_et_al.pdf United States v. Abu Marzook]. No. 03 CR 978 12. IL District Ct. 2005.</ref><ref>Lake, Eli. [http://daily.nysun.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:ArticleToMail&Type=text/html&Path=NYS/2004/04/29&ID=Ar00100 "Hamas Agents Lurking in U.S., FBI Warns."] ''[[New York Sun]]''. 29 April 2004. 10 December 2006.</ref> Hamas has repeatedly stated that it is only interested in operations against the Israeli occupation and not one single suicide attack outside Israel/Gaza/West Bank has ever been attributed to Hamas.
===Summary executions===
[[Human Rights Watch]] has cited a number of summary executions as particular examples of violations of the rules of warfare, including the case of Muhammad Swairki, 28, a cook for Palestinian Authority Chairman Mahmoud Abbas's presidential guard, who was thrown to his death, with his hands and legs tied, from a 15-story apartment building in Gaza City. [http://news.monstersandcritics.com/middleeast/news/article_1316850.php/Human_rights_group_accused_Palestinian_militants_of_"war_crimes],[http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/175819.aspx],[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3412683,00.html]
Hamas and other Palestinian militant groups frequently extrajudicially execute or otherwise punish those they consider collaborators with Israel, or those accused of criminal or "immoral" behaviour. Frequent killings of unarmed people have also occurred during Hamas-Fatah clashes.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2090520.stm],[http://www.fromoccupiedpalestine.org/node/1210], [http://www.mideastweb.org/log/archives/00000599.htm],[http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=worldnews&storyID=2007-06-14T180139Z_01_FLE455032_RTRUKOC_0_US-PALESTINIANS.xml],[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/06/10/wirq310.xml]
==International perception of Hamas==
According to [[NPR]], "Israel and many Western powers have struggled with how best to interact with a group that is at once labeled terrorist and, at the same time, is the legitimately elected leadership of the Palestinian National Authority."<ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6583080 "Hamas: Government or Terrorist Organization?"]. ''NPR.org''. December 6, 2006.</ref> Hamas is listed as a [[terrorism|terrorist]] organization by [[Canada]],<ref>[http://www.psepc.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-en.asp#hhi18 Keeping Canadians Safe], Public Security and Emergency Preparedness Canada, National Security, Listed entities. Accessed July 31, 2006.</ref><ref>"Hamas is listed as a terrorist group in the Criminal Code of Canada." Tibbetts, Janice. [http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/business/story.html?id=3c639723-98b1-4db5-89c2-2a08a0233763&k=11673 Canada shuts out Hamas] ,''[[The Montreal Gazette]]'', March 30, 2006.</ref> the [[European Union]],<ref name="EUTerrorList">[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2005/l_340/l_34020051223en00640066.pdf "Council Decision"] [[Council of the European Union]], December 21, 2005</ref> [[Israel]],<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/7/The%20Financial%20Sources%20of%20the%20Hamas%20Terror%20Organiza The Financial Sources of the Hamas Terror Organization]</ref> [[Japan]],<ref>[http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/2005/ch3-a.pdf Japan's Diplomatic Bluebook 2005] states that it has frozen the assets of "terrorist organizations, including... Hamas."</ref> and the [[United States]],<ref name=SD1>[http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/45394.htm "Country reports on terrorism"], U.S. State Dept., April 27, 2005.</ref> and is banned in [[Jordan]].<ref name="Star1">Karmi, Omar. [http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=5&article_id=22307# "What does the Hamas victory mean for nearby Jordan?"], ''The Daily Star'', February 18, 2006</ref> The militant wing of Hamas, the [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades]], is listed as a terrorist organization by [[Australia]],<ref>[http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/www/nationalsecurity.nsf/AllDocs/95FB057CA3DECF30CA256FAB001F7FBD?OpenDocument Listing of Terrorist Organisations], Australian Government Attorney-General's Department, 27 January 2006. Accessed July 31, 2006.</ref> and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="UKTerrorList">[http://security.homeoffice.gov.uk/legislation/current-legislation/terrorism-act-2000/proscribed-terrorist-groups?version=1"] </ref> According to the [[United States Department of State|US State Department]], the group is funded by [[Iran]], Palestinian expatriates, and private benefactors in [[Saudi Arabia]] and other Arab states.<ref name=SD1/> In a 2002 report, [[Human Rights Watch]] stated that Hamas' leaders "should be held accountable for the [[war crime]]s and [[crimes against humanity]]" that have been committed by its members.<ref>[http://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/isrl-pa/ISRAELPA1002-05.htm#P735_169095 Erased In A Moment: Suicide Bombing Attacks Against Israeli Civilians] V. Structures and Strategies of the Perpetrator Organizations, [[Human Rights Watch]], October, 2002. ISBN 1-56432-280-7</ref>
in a recent poll [http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=256] "About six-in-ten Palestinians (62%) have a favorable opinion of the organization (Hamas), as do majorities or pluralities in Jordan and Morocco. Opinions of Hamas are divided in Egypt and Kuwait, and Hamas is viewed negatively in Turkey. The balance of public opinion in Lebanon is against Hamas (67% unfavorable), although the organization is rated favorably by half of the country’s Shia community. Hamas – a organization made mostly up of Sunnis – is overwhelmingly unpopular among Lebanese Sunnis."
==دا هم وګورئ ==
{{commons|Category:حركة حماس|حماس}}
{{wikisource|Hamas Covenant}}
* [[د حماس لخوا ترسره شوی فدایی عملیاتو لړلیک]]
* [[فلسطیني سیمې]]
* [[حماستان]]
* [[Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development]]
* [[قسام توغندی]]
* [[Members of Hamas called Qawasameh]]
* [[Palestinian political violence]]
* [[اسلامی بنسټپالنه]]
* [[PLOاو حماس]]
* [[اخوان المسلمین]]
* [[List of political parties in the Palestinian National Authority]]
* [[Human rights in the Palestinian National Authority]]
* [[د فلسطینیانو خپلمنځي جګړې]]
* [[اسلام]]
* [[جهاد]]
* [[عزالدین القسام بریګېډ]] (د حماس پوځي څانګه)
== Sources ==
* [http://www.amazon.de/dp/3865506569 ''Hawala. An Informal Payment System and Its Use to Finance Terrorism'', Sebastian R. Müller (Dec. 2006), ISBN: ISBN-10: 3865506569, ISBN-13: 978-3865506566]
* [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070424/ap_on_re_mi_ea/israel_palestinians] Hamas militants fire rockets at Israel
== نوټ او سرچینې ==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">{{Reflist}}</div>
== بهرنې تړن==
{{Wikiquote}}
*[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9002732/Hamas Britannica]
*[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761580639/Hamas.html#p18 Encarta]
*[http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=1&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=253&PID=0&IID=1574&TTL=The_Growing_Hamas-Al_Qaeda_Connection "The Growing Hamas-Al Qaeda Connection"] published by the [http://www.jcpa.org Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]
*[http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=2&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=253&PID=0&IID=846&TTL=Understanding_the_Direction_of_the_New_Hamas_Government:_Between_Tactical_Pragmatism_and_Al-Qaeda_Jihadism "Understanding the Direction of the New Hamas Government: Between Tactical Pragmatism and Al-Qaeda Jihadism"] published by the [http://www.jcpa.org Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]
*[http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=254&PID=0&IID=840 "Hamas' Determination to Perpetuate the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The Critical Role of Hate Indoctrination"] published by the [http://www.jcpa.org Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]
*[http://www.palestinecenter.org/cpap/documents/charter.html Hamas Charter]
*[http://youtube.com/watch?v=x-SV30CWRN8&mode=related&search= Hamas leaders explain their goal]
*[http://www.aljazeera.com/cgi-bin/review/article_full_story.asp?service_ID=10217 Who are Hamas (Al-Jazeera)]
*[http://www.palestine-info.info/arabic/hamas/ Website for the study of the ideas of Hamas, not the official website]. {{ar icon}}
*[http://www.palestine-studies.org/final/en/journals/printer.php?aid=7087 "A “New Hamas” through Its New Documents"] by Khaled Hroub, ''[[Journal of Palestine Studies]]'', issue 140, [[Summer]] [[2006]]
*[http://www.pmw.org.il/tv-hamas.htm Hamas in its own words]
*[http://www.palestine-info.co.uk/am/publish/ "The Palestinian Information Center"] Mideast news from the Hamas point of view. In English.
*[http://ict.org.il/organizations/orgdet.cfm?orgid=13 Hamas] at the Institute for Counter-Terrorism at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel
*[http://www1.idf.il/DOVER/site/mainpage.asp?sl=EN&id=7&docid=30286.EN The Hamas organization is responsible for more than 425 terror attacks in Israel from [[November 6]], [[2000]] to [[April 17]], [[2004]]] at [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] official website.
*[http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=conflict&ID=SP42602 Suicide Bomber's Father: Let Hamas and Jihad Leaders Send Their Own Sons] a letter to the editor of the London Arabic-language daily Al-Hayat. [[October 8]], [[2002]]
*[http://www.adl.org/main_israel/hamas_facts.htm Hamas Fact Sheet] and [http://www.adl.org/main_israel/hamas_own_words.htm Hamas in Their Own Words] at [[Anti-Defamation League|ADL]]
*[http://abcnews.go.com/International/print?id=79201 Frequently Asked Questions About Hamas] at ''[[ABC News]]''
*[http://www.defenddemocracy.org/in_the_media/in_the_media_show.htm?doc_id=274430 Springtime for Hamas] by Diane West at ''The Jewish World Review'', [[April 22]], [[2005]]
*[http://www.defenddemocracy.org/research_topics/research_topics_show.htm?doc_id=275458&attrib_id=7777 Hamas vs. America] by [[Daniel Pipes]]. Published in ''[[The New York Sun]]'' on [[May 3]], [[2005]]
*[http://www.intelligence.org.il/eng/eng_n/isa.htm Hamas terrorist infrastructures in the regions of Hebron and Ramallah exposed by The Israel Security Agency], [[October 12]], [[2005]]
*[http://www.nationalreview.com/script/printpage.p?ref=/comment/ottolenghi200601261002.asp Hamas Without Veils. No more hiding behind the PA] by Emanuele Ottolenghi in ''[[National Review]]'', [[January 26]], [[2006]]
*[http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2006/01/29hamas.html Political earthquake strikes as Hamas wins landslide] by Kevin Simpson on [[Committee for a Workers' International|CWI]] Website, [[January 29]], [[2006]]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4661066.stm BBC: Hamas urges EU not to end funding]
*[http://users.skynet.be/diab/Europe/Hamas.htm The EU's new Palestine dilemma by Khaled Diab]
*[http://www.obelus.org/index.php?artID=18 Checkmate: the Hamas victory]
*[http://www.axisglobe.com/article.asp?article=642 Russia is Ready for Dialogue With HAMAS]
*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/03/AR2006020302605_pf.html Give Hamas Nothing for Free] by [[Dennis Ross]]. (''[[The Washington Post]]'', p. B07. [[February 5]], [[2006]])
*{{PDFlink|[http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/pubPDFs/PolicyFocus53.pdf Hamas Triumphant: Implications for Security, Politics, Economy, and Strategy.]|557 [[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 570884 bytes -->}} February 2006
*[http://www.usip.org/pubs/usipeace_briefings/2006/0310_brom.html A Hamas Government: Isolate or Engage?] [[U.S. Institute of Peace]] Briefing, March 2006
*[http://home.birzeit.edu/dsp/opinionpolls/poll27/analysis.html Living Conditions Poll after a couple of months of hamas in government]
*[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467815870&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Analysis: A year after elections, Hamas riding high] by Khaled Abu Toameh, ''Jerusalem Post'', [[January 25]], [[2007]]
*[http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/h_ind_e160807.htm List and review of Hamas publications in the UK]
[[category:غورځنګ]]
[[category:معاصر اسلامي غورځنګونه]]
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[[Category:U.S. State Department designated terrorist organizations]]
[[Category:حماس]]
[[Category:Islam and antisemitism]]
[[Category:فلسطیني جهادی ګروپونه]]
[[Category:فلسطیني سیاسي ګوندونه]]
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[[Category:1987سهیونیزم establishmentsبډ]]
[[Category:صهیونیزم ضد]]
[[Category:Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]
[[Category:Israeli-Palestinian conflict issues]]
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