↑China Postal Album: Showing the Postal Establishments and Postal Routes in Each Province (چاپ 1st), Shanghai, China: Directorate General of Posts, 1907 منځګړی |CitationClass= له پامه غورځول شوی (لارښود)
↑Figures based on 2006 statistics published in 2007 National Statistical Yearbook of China and available online at Script error: The function "lang" does not exist. (archive). Retrieved 21 April 2009.
↑"Basic Information". Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics. د اصلي آرشيف څخه پر ۱۳ مارچ ۲۰۱۲ باندې. لاسرسينېټه ۰۹ فبروري ۲۰۰۸. منځګړی |CitationClass= له پامه غورځول شوی (لارښود)
↑Hucker, Charles O. (1958). "Governmental Organization of the Ming Dynasty". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. 21: 1–66. doi:10.2307/2718619. JSTOR2718619. منځګړی |CitationClass= له پامه غورځول شوی (لارښود)
↑Lane Harris (2008). "A 'Lasting Boon to All': A Note on the Postal Romanization of Place Names, 1896–1949". Twentieth Century China. 34 (1): 96–109. doi:10.1353/tcc.0.0007. S2CID68653154. منځګړی |CitationClass= له پامه غورځول شوی (لارښود)
↑Baxter, Wm. H. & Sagart, Laurent. Baxter–Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction. د اصلي آرشيف څخه پر ۲۷ سپټمبر ۲۰۱۳ باندې. منځګړی |CitationClass= له پامه غورځول شوی (لارښود)(1.93 MB), p. 63. 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
↑Coblin, W. South. "A Brief History of Mandarin". Journal of the American Oriental Society 120, no. 4 (2000): 537–552. doi:10.2307/606615. کينډۍ:Jstor.