↑China Postal Album: Showing the Postal Establishments and Postal Routes in Each Province (الطبعة 1st), Shanghai, China: Directorate General of Posts, 1907 الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
↑Figures based on 2006 statistics published in 2007 National Statistical Yearbook of China and available online at Script error: No such module "Lang". (archive). Retrieved 21 April 2009.
↑"Basic Information". Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics. د اصلي آرشيف څخه پر ۱۳ مارچ ۲۰۱۲ باندې. د لاسرسينېټه ۰۹ فبروري ۲۰۰۸. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
↑Hucker, Charles O. (1958). [اصطلاحي تېروتنه: د ناپېژندلې ليکنښې لوښه "۱". "Governmental Organization of the Ming Dynasty"]. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies21: 1–66. doi:10.2307/2718619.
↑Lane Harris (2008). [اصطلاحي تېروتنه: د ناپېژندلې ليکنښې لوښه "۱". "A 'Lasting Boon to All': A Note on the Postal Romanization of Place Names, 1896–1949"]. Twentieth Century China34 (1): 96–109. doi:10.1353/tcc.0.0007.
↑Baxter, Wm. H. & Sagart, Laurent. Baxter–Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction. د اصلي آرشيف څخه پر ۲۷ سپټمبر ۲۰۱۳ باندې. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)(1.93 MB), p. 63. 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
↑Coblin, W. South. "A Brief History of Mandarin". Journal of the American Oriental Society 120, no. 4 (2000): 537–552. doi:10.2307/606615. کينډۍ:Jstor.
↑Haw, Stephen. Beijing: A Concise History. Routledge, 2007. p. 136.
↑"Beijing's History". China Internet Information Center. مؤرشف من الأصل في ۰۱ مې ۲۰۰۸. د لاسرسينېټه ۰۱ مې ۲۰۰۸. الوسيط |CitationClass= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)