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'''سیاست''' هغه بهیر ته ویل کیږي په کوم کې چې د خلکو یوه ډله په ټولیز ډول سره تصمیم نیسي. او همداشانې سیاست یوه اشاره د مدني حکومتونو په منځ کې کړه وړو ته. که څه هم کیدای شي چې سیاست د نورو ډلو په تعاملاتو کې هم وګورو لکه په پوهنتونونو، سازمانونو او دیني سازمانونو کې.
'''Politics''' is a process by which groups of people make [[decision-making|decisions]]. The term is generally applied to behavior within civil [[government]]s, but politics has been observed in all human group interactions, including [[corporation|corporate]], [[academia|academic]] and [[religion|religious]] institutions. It consists of "social relations involving authority or power"<ref>[http://dict.die.net/politics/ Definition of politics from die.net]</ref> and refers to the regulation of a political unit,<ref>[http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=303454 Politics (definition)@Everything2.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and to the methods and tactics used to formulate and apply [[policy]].<ref name="freedict">[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/politics Definition of politics from "The Free Dictionary"]</ref>
The word "Politics" comes from the Greek word "polis" meaning state or city. "Politikos" describes anything concerning the state or city affairs. In Latin, this was "politicus" and in French "politique". Thus it became "politics" in [[Middle English]] ( see the [[Concise Oxford Dictionary]]).
== As an academic discipline ==
[[Political science]], the study of politics, examines the acquisition and application of [[political power|power]]. Related areas of study include [[political philosophy]], which seeks a rationale for politics and an ethic of public behaviour, [[political economy]], which attempts to develop understandings of the relationships between politics and the economy and the governance of the two, and [[public administration]], which examines the practices of governance.
== Spectra ==
{{cquote2|Politics: A strife of interests masquerading as a contest of principles. The conduct of public affairs for private advantage.| [[Ambrose Bierce]] <ref>''The Heretic's Handbook of Quotations: Cutting Comments on Burning Issues'', by Charles Bufe, 1992, Sharp Press, pg 2</ref>}}
=== Left-right politics ===
{{mainarticle|Left-Right politics}}
Recently in history, political analysts and politicians divide politics into [[left wing]] and [[right wing]] politics, often also using the idea of center politics as a middle path of policy between the right and left. This classification is comparatively recent (it was not used by [[Aristotle]] or [[Hobbes]], for instance), and dates from the [[French Revolution]] era, when those members of the [[National Assembly]] who supported the [[republic]], the common people and a [[secular society]] sat on the left and supporters of the [[monarchy]], [[aristocracy (class)|aristocratic]] privilege and the Church sat on the right.<ref name="Knapp">{{cite book|author=Andrew Knapp and Vincent Wright|title=The Government and Politics of France|year=2006|publisher=Routledge}}</ref>
The meanings behind the labels have become more complicated over the years. A particularly influential event was the publication of the [[Communist Manifesto]] by [[Karl Marx]] and [[Frederick Engels]] in 1848. The ''Manifesto'' suggested a course of action for a [[proletarian]] revolution to overthrow the [[bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] society and abolish private property, in the belief that this would lead to a [[classless]] and [[Stateless communism|stateless]] society.
The meaning of left-wing and right-wing varies considerably between different countries and at different times, but generally speaking, it can be said that the right wing often values [[tradition]] and a free markets while the left wing often values [[reform]] and [[egalitarianism]].
According to [[Norberto Bobbio]], one of the major exponents of this distinction, the Left believes in attempting to eradicate social inequality, while the Right regards most social inequality as the result of ineradicable natural inequalities, and sees attempts to enforce social equality as utopian or authoritarian.<ref name="Bobbio">[[Norberto Bobbio|Bobbio]], Norberto, "Left and Right: The Significance of a Political Distinction" (translated by Allan Cameron), 1997, [[University of Chicago Press]]. ISBN 0-226-06246-5</ref>
Some ideologies, notably [[Christian Democracy]], claim to combine left and right wing politics; according to Geoffrey K. Roberts and Patricia Hogwood, "In terms of ideology, Christian Democracy has incorporated many of the views held by liberals, conservatives and socialists within a wider framework of moral and Christian principles."<ref>Roberts and Hogwood, ''European Politics Today'', [[Manchester University Press]], 1997</ref> Movements which claim or formerly claimed to be above the left-right divide include [[Gaullism]] in France, [[Peronism]] in Argentina, and [[National Action Party (Mexico)#"National Action" politics|National Action Politics]] in Mexico.
=== Authoritarian-libertarian politics ===
[[Authoritarianism]] and [[libertarianism]] refer to the amount of individual [[Freedom (political)|freedom]] each person possesses in that society relative to the state. One author describes authoritarian political systems as those where "individual [[rights]] and goals are subjugated to group goals, expectations and conformities",<ref>{{cite journal|author=Markus Kemmelmeier et al.|title=Individualism, Collectivism, and Authoritarianism in Seven Societies|year=2003|journal=Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology|volume=34|issue=3|pages=304–322|doi=10.1177/0022022103034003005}}</ref> while a libertarian political system is one in which individual [[rights]] and [[civil liberties]] are paramount. More extreme than libertarians are [[anarchism|anarchists]], who argue for the total abolition of [[government]], while the most extreme authoritarians are [[totalitarianism|totalitarians]] who support state control over all aspects of [[society]].
For instance, [[classical liberalism]] (also known as ''[[laissez-faire]] liberalism''<ref name=Adams>Ian Adams, ''Political Ideology Today'' (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001), 20.</ref>, or, in much of the world, simply ''liberalism'') is a doctrine stressing individual freedom and [[limited government]]. This includes the importance of human rationality, individual [[property rights]], [[free market]]s, [[natural rights]], the protection of [[civil liberties]], constitutional limitation of government, and individual freedom from restraint as exemplified in the writings of [[John Locke]], [[Adam Smith]], [[David Hume]], [[David Ricardo]], [[Voltaire]], [[Montesquieu]] and others. According to the libertarian [[Institute for Humane Studies]], "the libertarian, or 'classical liberal,' perspective is that individual well-being, prosperity, and social harmony are fostered by 'as much liberty as possible' and 'as little government as necessary.'"<ref>[http://www.theihs.org/about/id.1084/default.asp What Is Libertarian?], Institute for Humane Studies</ref>
== See also ==
=== Lists ===
* [[Politics of present-day states]]
* [[List of years in politics]]
* [[Sociology]]
=== Related topics ===
* [[Activism]]
* [[Food politics]]
* [[Government simulation game]]
* [[Music and politics]]
* [[Official statistics]]
* [[Political activism]]
* [[Political compass]]
* [[Political corruption]]
* [[Political criticism]]
* [[Political economy]]
* [[Political fiction]] ([[Politics in fiction|list]])
* [[Political movement]]
* [[Political party]] ([[List of political parties by country|list by country]])
* [[Political philosophy]]
* [[Political psychology]]
* [[Political science]] ([[Outline of political science|outline]])
* [[Political sociology]]
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Ideologies}}
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سياست ته ځينې خلګ داسې تعريف لري چې يعنې خپل مقصد ته د رسېدلو په خاطر د هر ډول مشروع او نامشروع کار کولو ته غاړه ايښودل.
نړېوال د سياست اسلي تعريف داسې بيانوي...
سياست په انسان کې يوه ځانګړې نغښتې پديده ده چې په هر ډول او شکل د انسانانو تر منځ په يو يا په بله بڼه او د دو په کړو وړو کې راڅرګندېږي. سياست هغه هنر دی چې د ښو کړو وړو او بدو کړووړو د وېشلو تسميم نيسي .
سیاست یا پولیتیکس ، Politics د پولیس د کلمی څخه مشتق شوی. دا هم ویلایشی Politique په شپاړسمه پیړی کی د یو اروپایی سیاستمدار نوم وو د ملک د سلیمی اداری چلولو لپاره یی خپله عقیده ، باور او احساسات چی د دولت په چاروکی قربانی کړی وو کار نه وو اخیستی.
مگر اکثره علما وایی چی Politics د لاتین کلمی پولس څخه اخیستل شوی او پولس د حکومت اویا حکومتداری معنی ورکوی.
نو کولای شو چی ووایو: سیاست یو علم،فن،یا داس هنر دی چی ددی په اساس جامعه کولای شی یو مؤثر ه اداره جوړه کړی اود دولت داخلی او خارجی چاری ددی هنر په اساس په دنیا کی مخ په وړاندی وړلوته کولای شو سیاست ووایو.
د سیاست فن په خپل ذات کی د قوت یا power سره ډیرکلک ارتباط لری او د بعضی تکتیکونو داستخدام په اساس د یو منظمی او ارامی فضا دبیا راوستلو لپاره پالیسی جوړونکی علم دی.
ناپلیون وایی : سیاستمدار یا سیاستپوه هغه سړی ته ویلایشی چی د سبا،یومیاشت پس او یوکال بعد پیش بینی وکړی او بیا وکولای شی داسی دلائل راوړی چی وکولای شی تشریح یی کړی او بیاد هغو حوادثو د نه مینځ ته راتلو تضمین ورکړی.
مکاویلی چی په اسلام نړی کی ورته مونږ یو انسانی شیطان وایو داسی وایی: حق همیشه د زورو سره دی مقتدر باید خپل د قدرت څخه په بشپړه توگه استفاده وکړی او د خپل ځان په گټه د بیوزلو او فقیرو لپاره یولړ قوانین وضعه کړی. دا دناتوان او ضعیف سړی دنده ده چی د قوی سړی خدمت او سر ټیټونه و کړی. قوی سړی باید همیشه خدمتگاران پیداکړی. دده مشهور کتاب شهزاده کی وایی چی خپل هدف ته د رسیدولو لپاره د هرقسمه (مشروع-او نامشروع) اعمالوته غاړه ایښودل اقتدار ته د رسیدلولپاره یو ډیر اهم شرط بولی.
نور بیا
== دا هم وګورۍ ==
* [[حکومت]]
* [[لويه جرګه]]
* [[مشرانو جرګه]]
* [[درېګوني قواوې]]
* [[وزيرانو شورى]]
* [[افغان وزارتونه او اورګانونه]]
== سرچينې ==
* Introduction to Political Science By Siraj and Moten, IIUM
* ,The Prince
* ,Wekipedia.com
* ,www.Taand.com
* www.tolafghan.com
{{سیاسي اندونه}}
[[وېشنيزه:Politics|Politics]]
[[وېشنيزه:سياست]]
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