د "د حماس اسلامي غورځنگ" د بڼو تر مېنځ توپير

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۶۲ کرښه:
After coming to power, Hamas announced it was giving up suicide attacks and "offered a 10-year truce [with Israel] in return for a complete Israeli withdrawal from the occupied Palestinian territories: the West Bank, Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem."<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1654510.stm "Who are Hamas?"] ''BBC News''. January 27, 2007.</ref><ref> Ali Abunimah, author of "One Country: A Bold Proposal to End the Israeli-Palestinian Impasse," states: "It had observed the unilateral truce with Israel. It had given up suicide attacks against Israeli civilians. And there was no response to that. On the contrary." [http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07/06/15/1428213 "As Hamas Seizes Full Control of Gaza and US Prepares Further Isolation, What Next for Palestinians?"] ''Democracy Now!''. June 15, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0131/p09s02-coop.html "Hope for a Mideast resolution could grow with Hamas leadership"] ''Christian Science Monitor''. January 31, 2006.</ref> Hamas also declared a unilateral ceasefire with Israel which, after Israeli air strikes in response to Hamas smuggling weapons into Gaza, was formally renounced.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/16/wmid16.xml "Hamas threatens to break ceasefire after Israeli air strikes"] Telegraph.co.uk. October 17, 2006.</ref>
Following the [[Battle for Gaza (2007)|Battle for Gaza]] in June 2007, when Hamas used force to take control of the [[Gaza Strip]] after [[Fatah]] refused to hand over control to the new government, elected Hamas officials were ousted from their positions in the [[Palestinian National Authority]] government in the [[West Bank]] and were replaced by rival [[Fatah]] members as well as independents.<ref>[http://wwwfr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1181813074587 Carter: Stop favoring Fatah over Hamas] [[The Jerusalem Post]] [[June 19]] [[2007]]</ref><ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/exposing-the-bitter-truth-of-gaza-carnage/2007/06/22/1182019365851.html Exposing the bitter truth of Gaza carnage] [[The Age]] [[June 23]], [[2007]]</ref> On June 18, 2007, Palestinian President [[Mahmoud Abbas]] ([[Fatah]]) issued a decree outlawing the Hamas militia and executive force.[http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/06/17/palestinian.cabinet/index.html][http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070621/ap_on_re_mi_ea/israel_palestinians]
 
According to the [[United States Department of State|US State Department]], the group is funded by [[Iran]], Palestinian expatriates, and private benefactors in [[Saudi Arabia]] and other Arab states.<ref name=SD1/> In a 2002 report, [[Human Rights Watch]] stated that Hamas' leaders "should be held accountable for the [[war crime]]s and [[crimes against humanity]]" that have been committed by its members.<ref>[http://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/isrl-pa/ISRAELPA1002-05.htm#P735_169095 Erased In A Moment: Suicide Bombing Attacks Against Israeli Civilians] V. Structures and Strategies of the Perpetrator Organizations, [[Human Rights Watch]], October, 2002. ISBN 1-56432-280-7</ref>
۹۱ کرښه:
From the time of an attack on the Israeli southern town of [[Be'er Sheva]] in August 2004, in which 15 people were killed and 125 wounded, the truce was generally observed. Hamas violated once, in August 2005, with an attack on the same bus station, wounding seven, and in several attacks on Israeli motorists — killing six in several attacks.<ref>{{cite news|title=Deadly Hebron cell caught|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3211836,00.html|publisher = Y Net News|date=February 6, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Shin Bet cracks Hamas terror cell|url= http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1138622559871&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull |date=February 6, 2006|publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}</ref>
 
While Hamas had boycotted the [[Palestinian presidential election, 2005|January 2005 presidential election]], during which [[Mahmoud Abbas]] was elected to replace [[Yasser Arafat]], it did participate in the [[Palestinian municipal election, 2005|municipal elections]] held between January and May 2005, in which it took control of [[Beit Lahia]] and [[Rafah]] in the Gaza Strip and [[Qalqilyah]] in the West Bank. The [[Palestinian legislative election, 2006|January 2006 legislative elections]] marked another victory for Hamas, which gained the majority of seats in the first fair and democratic elections held in Palestine,<ref>[http://wwwfr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1181813074587 Carter: Stop favoring Fatah over Hamas], [[The Jerusalem Post]], [[June 19]], [[2007]]
</ref> defeating the ruling [[Fatah]] party. The "List of Change and Reform", as Hamas presented itself, obtained 42.9% of the vote and 74 of the 132 seats.<ref>[http://www.elections.ps/template.aspx?id=291 The CEC announces the final results of the second PLC elections]</ref>
 
۹۸ کرښه:
On February 13, 2006, in an interview in Russian newspaper ''[[Nezavisimaya Gazeta]]'',<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3223438,00.html Peace with Israel for withdrawal to ’67 borders], ynetnews [[March 3]], [[2006]]</ref> the same Khaled Mashal declared that Hamas would stop armed struggle against Israel if it recognized the 1967 borders, withdrew itself from all [[Palestinian territories|Palestinian occupied territories]] (including the West Bank and [[East Jerusalem]]) and recognized Palestinian rights that would include the "right of return". Mashal would not acknowledge the [[Road map for peace]], adopted by the Quartet in June 2003, because "The problem is not Hamas' stance, but Israel's stance. It is in fact not honoring the Road Map".<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3223316,00.html Hamas delegation arrives in Moscow], ynetnews [[March 3]], [[2006]]</ref> The Road map projected the establishment of an independent Palestinian state in 2005.<ref>{{cite news | title=Hamas will end armed struggle if Israel quits territories — leader | publisher=AFX News Limited |date=February 12, 2006 | url=http://www.forbes.com/home/feeds/afx/2006/02/12/afx2519867.html}}</ref>
 
In May 2006, Hamas leaders threatened a new Intifada, as well as to decapitate anyone who tried to bring down their cabinet.<ref>Abu Toameh, Khaled. [http://wwwfr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1145961290193&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull/JPArticle/ShowFull Hamas armed force readies for action], ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', May 6, 2006.</ref> Further, Hamas took a flexible stance that renewed support for the 2002 Arab peace initiative offering to restore normal relations with Israel in exchange for the creation of a Palestinian state.<ref> Le Monde Diplomatique, July 2007, http://mondediplo.com/2007/07/05palestine </ref>
 
After the formation of the Hamas cabinet on March 20, 2006, tensions have progressively risen in the Gaza strip between Fatah and Hamas militants, leading to demonstrations and violence, along with repeated attempts at a truce.<ref>Mahnaimi, Uzi. [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-2168494,00.html Israel foils plot to kill Palestinian president], ''[[The Sunday Times (UK)|The Sunday Times]]'', May 7, 2006.</ref><ref name="BBC8"/><!--This link has been killed somehow.-->
۱۱۹ کرښه:
Founded in 1987, Hamas was the [[Gaza Strip]] branch of the [[Islamism|Islamist]] [[Muslim Brotherhood]] movement founded in Egypt. Hamas is opposed to the existence of [[Israel]], with one Hamas parliamentarian denouncing the 1993 [[Oslo Accords]] as "not a peace process" and "a process of deception and cheating and lies which enabled Israel to truncate our homeland with settlements and separation walls and roadblocks and closed military zones."<ref>Khalid Amayreh. [http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=18342 "'Cartoons reflect Europe's Islamophobia'"]. Interview with Aziz Duwaik. ''Al Jazeera English''. February 6, 2006. </ref> In 2004 Hamas offered a 10-year truce, or ''[[hudna]]'', in exchange for several conditions including a complete withdrawal from [[Israeli-occupied territories]] (''[[#2004 — A 10-year truce|see below]]'').
 
Hamas regards the territory of the present-day State of Israel — as well as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank — as an inalienable Islamic [[waqf]] or religious bequest, which can never be surrendered to [[non-Muslim]]s. It asserts that struggle (''[[jihad]]'') to regain control of the land from Israel is the religious duty of every Muslim (''fard `ain''). Hamas does not recognize Israel as a sovereign state, unlike the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO), which has recognized it since 1988, and calls it the "[[Zionist entity]]". Its charter calls for an end to Israel. During the election campaign, Hamas did not mention its call for the destruction of Israel in its electoral manifesto.<ref name="guard1">{{cite news|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=January 12, 2006|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/israel/Story/0,2763,1684472,00.html|title=Hamas drops call for destruction of Israel from manifesto}}</ref> But several Hamas candidates insist that the charter is still in force and often called for Israel to be "wiped off the map" in campaign speeches. On January 25, 2006, after winning the Palestinian elections, Hamas leader [[Mahmoud al-Zahar]] gave an interview to [[Al-Manar]] TV denouncing foreign demands that Hamas recognize Israel's right to exist.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.memritv.org/Transcript.asp?P1=1014|title=Hamas Leader Mahmoud Al-Zahhar: We Will Not Give Up the Resistance; We Will Not Give Up a Single Inch of Palestine; We Will Not Recognize Israel's Right to Exist|publisher=[[The Middle East Media Research Institute]] (MEMRI) |date=January 25, 2006}}</ref> After the establishment of Hamas government, Dr Al-Zahar stated his "dreams of hanging a huge map of the world on the wall at my Gaza home which does not show Israel on it...I hope that our dream to have our independent state on all historic Palestine (including Israel). This dream will become real one day. I'm certain of this because there is no place for the state of Israel on this land". He also "didn't rule out the possibility of having Jews, Muslims and Christians living under the sovereignty of an Islamic state, adding that the Palestinians never hated the Jews and that only the Israeli occupation was their enemy".<ref>{{cite web|author=Khaled Abu Toameh|title='I dream of a map without Israel'|publisher=[[Jerusalem Post]]|date=April 2, 2006|url= http://wwwfr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1143498785513&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter}}</ref>
 
Hamas's charter calls for the eventual creation of an Islamic Republic in place of Israel.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)|publisher=MidEast Web|date=August 18, 1988|url=http://www.mideastweb.org/hamas.htm}}</ref> Hamas sees this view as an Islamic religious duty and prophesy that comes directly from [[Hadith]]. In 1999, late Hamas co-founder [[Ahmed Yassin|Sheikh Ahmed Yassin]] mentioned the year 2027 as the possible date for the "disappearance" of Israel.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Palestinian media dream a possible dream|url= http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=317595&contrassID=2&subContrassID=5&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y |author=Arnon Regular|accessdate=2006-04-10|publisher=[[Haaretz]] }}</ref><ref>[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP51803 "Arab Statesmanship's Fatal Flaw: Backward Political Decision-Making"] ''The Middle East Media Research Institute''. June 5, 2003.</ref> The group has not issued a clear statement about how it would deal with the current population of Israel, should it succeed in overthrowing Israeli and secular Palestinian government. [[Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi]], one of its co-founders, stated that the movement's goal is "to remove Israel from the map".<ref> {{cite news | title=New-look Hamas spends £100k on an image makeover | publisher=[[The Guardian]] | date=January 20, 2006|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/israel/Story/0,,1690610,00.html}} </ref> On [[February 13]], [[2005]], Hamas leader [[Khaled Mashal]] declared that Hamas would stop [[Guerrilla warfare|armed struggle]] against Israel if Israel recognized the [[1967]] [[Green Line (Israel)|borders]], withdrew from all Palestinian territories and accept the demand for Palestinian "[[Palestinian right of return|Right of Return]]" (''[[#January 2006 — Winning the legislative election|see below]]'').
۳۳۵ کرښه:
*[http://www.usip.org/pubs/usipeace_briefings/2006/0310_brom.html A Hamas Government: Isolate or Engage?] [[U.S. Institute of Peace]] Briefing, March 2006
*[http://home.birzeit.edu/dsp/opinionpolls/poll27/analysis.html Living Conditions Poll after a couple of months of hamas in government]
*[http://wwwfr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467815870&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull/JPArticle/ShowFull Analysis: A year after elections, Hamas riding high] by Khaled Abu Toameh, ''Jerusalem Post'', [[January 25]], [[2007]]
*[http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/h_ind_e160807.htm List and review of Hamas publications in the UK]