د "ژونکه" د بڼو تر مېنځ توپير
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[[دوتنه:Epithelial-cells.jpg|بټنوک|يوه سټېن شوې ژونکه]]
'''ژونکه''' د ژوند يو بنسټيز فعال واحد دی. د لومړي ځل لپاره [[روبېرټ هوک]] دا وموندل چې ژونکه د ټولو ژونديو اورګانيزمونو يو عملي واحد دی، او ټول ژوندي له همدغه واحد نه جوړ دي. په ژوندي اورګانيزمونو کې دا تر ټولو وړوکی واحد دی، چې د ژوند د رامنځ ته کېدو د خښتې په توګه هم ياده شوې.<ref name="Alberts2002">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&term=Cell+Movements+and+the+Shaping+of+the+Vertebrate+Body+AND+mboc4%5Bbook%5D+AND+374635%5Buid%5D&rid=mboc4.section.3919 Cell Movements and the Shaping of the Vertebrate Body] in Chapter 21 of ''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&term=cell+biology+AND+mboc4%5Bbook%5D+AND+373693%5Buid%5D&rid=mboc4 د ژونکې ماليکيولي ژونپوهنه]'' څلورم چاپ, سمونګر Bruce Alberts (2002) published by Garland Science.<br /> The Alberts text discusses how the "cellular building blocks" move to shape developing [[embryo]]s. It is also common to describe small molecules such as [[amino acid]]s as "[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&term=%22all+cells%22+AND+mboc4%5Bbook%5D+AND+372023%5Buid%5D&rid=mboc4.section.4#23 molecular building blocks]".</ref>
In 1835, before the final cell theory was developed, [[Jan Evangelista Purkyně]] observed small "granules" while looking at the plant tissue through a microscope. The [[cell theory]], first developed in 1839 by [[Matthias Jakob Schleiden]] and [[Theodor Schwann]], states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that all cells come from preexisting cells, that vital functions of an organism occur within cells, and that all cells contain the [[genetics|hereditary information]] necessary for regulating cell functions and for transmitting information to the next generation of cells.<ref>{{cite book
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