د "هډوانه" د بڼو تر مېنځ توپير

Content deleted Content added
و robot Adding: gl:Esqueleto
Xqbot (خبرې اترې | ونډې)
و robot Adding: als:Skelett; cosmetic changes
۱ کرښه:
[[انځور:Human skeleton front.svg|thumb|300px|يوه انساني هډوانه - ([[منځنۍ هډوانه]])]]
[[Imageدوتنه:ElephantSkelLyd2.png|thumb|[[Endoskeleton]] of an [[Elephant]]]]
[[Imageدوتنه:Horse and Man.jpg|thumb|The Skeletons of a [[Man]] and a [[Horse]] placed in a lifelike pose in a museum display]]
[[Imageدوتنه:Rana skeleton.png|thumb|[[Endoskeleton]] of a [[Frog]]]]
[[Imageدوتنه:Snake Skeletons.jpg|thumb|Skeletons of [[Snake]]s and other [[reptile]]]]
[[Imageدوتنه:Hym-myrmicinae.gif|thumb|[[Exoskeleton]] of an [[Ant]]]]
 
'''هډوانه''' (''په انګرېزي: Skeletn'') په ژونپوهنه کې يو بيالوژيکي غونډال دی چې يو اورګانيزم ته فيزيکي ملاتړ او جوړښت وربښي.
[[Exoskeleton]]s are external, as is typical of many [[invertebrate]]s; they enclose the soft tissues and organs of the body. Exoskeletons may undergo periodic [[moult]]ing as the animal grows. [[Endoskeleton]]s are internal, as is typical of many [[vertebrate]]s; they are usually surrounded by skin and musculature, though they often enclose vital organs. Endoskeletons are attachment points for musculature and act as leverage for movement, and in many animals contain [[marrow]], which produces blood cells. Skeletons may or may not be [[biomineralization|mineralized]] - human skeletons are calcified, while shark skeletons are cartilaginous - and may be jointed for flexibility and motility or rigid for structural strength.
 
The average adult [[human skeleton]] has around 206 [[bone]]s. <ref> [http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/skeleton/Skelprintout.shtml Human Skeleton], ''EnchantedLearning.com'', [[2008-05-07]]. </ref> These bones meet at [[joints]], the majority of which are freely movable. The skeleton also contains [[cartilage]] for elasticity. [[Ligaments]] are strong strips of fibrous connective tissue that hold bones together at joints, thereby stabilizing the skeleton during movement.
== ډولونه او ډلبندۍ ==
{{ژباړل}}
په ټولګړي توګه هډوانيز غونډال په درې ډولو وېشل شوی - باندنی (اېکسوسکېلېټون = exoskeleton)، منځنی (اېنډوسکلېټون = endoskeleton)، او د ماياتو پر بنسټ جوړ (هايډروسټېټکه هډوانه = hydrostatic skeleton)، خو هايډروسټېټک هډوانيز غونډال له دوه نورو نه په بېل ټولګي کې شمېرل کېږي، او دا په دې خاطر چې دا ډول هډوانه دومره کلکوالی نه لري چې د جوړښتنو سم ملاتړ وکړي. An internal skeletal system consists of rigid (or semi-rigid) structures, within the body, moved by the [[muscular system]]. If the structures are mineralized or [[Ossification|ossified]], as they are in humans and other mammals, they are referred to as [[bone|bones]]s. [[Cartilage]] is another common component of skeletal systems, supporting and supplementing the skeleton. The human [[ear]] and [[nose]] are shaped by cartilage. Some organisms have a skeleton consisting entirely of cartilage and without any calcified bones at all, for example [[shark]]s. The bones or other rigid structures are connected by [[ligament]]s and connected to the muscular system via [[tendon]]s.
 
[[Hydrostatic skeleton]]s are similar to a water-filled balloon. Located internally in [[cnidaria]]ns ([[coral]], [[jellyfish]] etc.) and [[annelids]] ([[leech]]es, earthworms etc.), among others, these animals can move by contracting the muscles surrounding the fluid-filled pouch, creating pressure within the pouch that causes movement. Animals such as earthworms use their hydrostatic skeletons to change their body shape, as they move forward, from long and thin to shorter and wider.
۲۹ کرښه:
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[[وېشنيزه:هډوانيز غونډال]]
 
[[als:Skelett]]
[[an:Escleto]]
[[ar:هيكل عظمي]]