د "عبدالکلام" د بڼو تر مېنځ توپير

{| align="left" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px solid; margin-left: 1em"

|+'''ابولفقير زين العابدين عبدالکلام'''

|-

!د زېږېدو نېټه:

== Identity ==

 

 

As a rule Muslim industry leaders, scholars, and politicians who have made a name for themselves in India and Pakistan have been from the elite classes of their community, such as the Kutchi Memons, the Bohras, or the wealthy families of Hyderabad and Lucknow. Kalam is the first Muslim from Southern India from a Muslim community that does not speak Urdu to have achieved the kind of recognition he has. His idea of India's interests is modernist and nationalistic. This stands in contrast to the articulation of India's interests by different groups across India's political spectrum. The Congress and its related formations derive their idea of national interest from the ideas expressed by Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, that sees India as an historic entity that must stand at the forefront of nations that have won their independence during the 20th century from colonial powers and are trying to create societies with regulated economic systems. The communist parties of India and its allies see India as an entity of the 20th century and a temporary creation of the current capitalist phase of human society that should some day be a part of a worldwide classless and nationless socialist economy that is the final and inevitable endpoint of human progress. The Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party sees India as an entity inspired by its Hindu heritage that is required to recapture its once glorious position on the world stage, with its current structure of a Nation State being a modern requirement. Kalam's views are inspired partly by Nehru's ideas and those articulated by Hindu nationalists and he attempts to draw the best from both. While rejecting Nehru's role for India as a spokesperson of other nations with perceived common interests, his views also reject the Hindu nationalist idea of a national identity based on a religious heritage. Kalam point of view however makes no room whatsoever for the Indian left's idea of India. This may be a reason why leftists journalists in India have criticized him. Kalam's belief in the power of technology to resolve society's problems and his views of these problems as a result of inefficient distribution of resources is modernistic. He also sees science and technology as ideology free areas and emphasizes the cultivation of a scientific temper and an entrepreneurial drive. In this he finds much support among India's new economy business leaders some of whom especially the founders of Infosys have begun their career as technology professionals much in the same way as Kalam has.

* [http://www.flonnet.com/fl1913/19130110.htm Frontline article on the Presidential Race and Kalam's election]

* [http://www.worldofbiography.com/9174%2DAbdul%20Kalam/ - Biography at World Of Biography]

 

[[وېشنيزه:1931 births|Kalam, Abdul]]

[[وېشنيزه:Padma Bhushan awardees|Kalam, Abdul]]

[[وېشنيزه:Muslim scientists|Kalam, Abdul]]

 

[[ar:أبو بكر زين العابدين عبد الكلام]]

[[cs:Abdul Kalám]]

[[de:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]

[[el:Αμπντούλ Καλάμ]]

[[en:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]