د "ناول" د بڼو تر مېنځ توپير

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===Before literature: The early market of printed books, 1470–1720===
[[File:1474 Melusine Ausgabe Augsburg Johann Bämler Blatt 2.png|thumb|14771474: The customer in the copyist's shop with a book he wants to have copied. This illustration of the first printed German [[Melusine]] looked back to the market of manuscripts.]]
Looking back to the scope of [[early modern period|early modern]] histories, mentalities seem to differ. The [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] seems to separate the 21st-century observer from early modern authors and readers of histories and fictions. The grossest improbabilities pervade many historical accounts found in the early modern print market. [[William Caxton]]'s 1485 edition of [[Thomas Malory]]'s ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'' (1471) was sold as a true history, though the story unfolded in a series of magical incidents and historical improbabilities. Witchcraft pervaded the medieval romance, which no one read as "romance" as long as it claimed to be a central text of Great Britain's national memory. [[Sir John Mandeville]]'s ''Voyages'', written in the 14th century, circulated in printed editions throughout the 18th century,<ref>The [[ESTC]] notes 29 editions published between 1496 and 1785 [http://estc.bl.uk/F/YMU7APITB3P8CLP4R6J16RSRKXTRGRN9HE79F36U1UPQP8QVU9-05108?func=short-sort&set_number=093136&sort_option=01---A02---A ESTC search result]</ref> and was filled with natural wonders like the one-footed Ethiopians who use their extremity as an umbrella against the desert sun &ndash; again without becoming the subject of critical historical debates. Both works eventually came to be viewed as works of literature, fiction. The realm of history grew around 1700 into a field of comparatively sober argumentative rather than narrative projects.
 
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