د "د سېټريک اسيد څرخ" د بڼو تر مېنځ توپير

In [[aerobic organism]]s, the citric acid cycle is part of a [[metabolic pathway]] involved in the chemical conversion of [[carbohydrate]]s, [[fat]]s and [[protein]]s into [[carbon dioxide]] and [[water]] to generate a form of usable energy. Other relevant reactions in the pathway include those in [[glycolysis]] and [[pyruvate oxidation]] before the citric acid cycle, and [[oxidative phosphorylation]] after it. In addition, it provides [[precursor]]s for many compounds including some [[amino acid]]s and is therefore functional even in cells performing [[fermentation (biochemistry)|fermentation]].

 

 

Two carbons are [[oxidation|oxidized]] to [[Carbon dioxide|CO₂]], and the energy from these reactions is transferred to other metabolic processes by [[Guanosine triphosphate|GTP]] (or [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]]), and as electrons in [[NADH]] and [[Flavin|FADH₂]]. The NADH generated in the TCA cycle may later donate its electrons in [[oxidative phosphorylation]] to drive ATP synthesis; FADH₂ is covalently attached to succinate dehydrogenase, an enzyme functioning both in the TCA cycle and the mitochondrial [[electron transfer chain]] in oxidative phosphorylation. FADH₂ thereby facilitates transfer of electrons to [[coenzyme Q]], an intermediate in the electron transfer chain.<ref name=[[Stryer]]>{{cite book |last= Berg |first=JM |coauthors= JL Tymoczko, L Stryer |title= Biochemistry - 5th Edition |pages =465-484, 498-501|publisher= WH Freeman and Company |year=2002 |isbn= 0-7167-4684-0}}</ref>